استخوان
Arabic edit
Root |
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خ و ن (ḵ-w-n) |
Noun edit
اِسْتِخْوَان • (istiḵwān) m
- verbal noun of اِسْتَخْوَنَ (istaḵwana) (form X)
Declension edit
Declension of noun اِسْتِخْوَان (istiḵwān)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
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Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | اِسْتِخْوَان istiḵwān |
الِاسْتِخْوَان al-istiḵwān |
اِسْتِخْوَان istiḵwān |
Nominative | اِسْتِخْوَانٌ istiḵwānun |
الِاسْتِخْوَانُ al-istiḵwānu |
اِسْتِخْوَانُ istiḵwānu |
Accusative | اِسْتِخْوَانًا istiḵwānan |
الِاسْتِخْوَانَ al-istiḵwāna |
اِسْتِخْوَانَ istiḵwāna |
Genitive | اِسْتِخْوَانٍ istiḵwānin |
الِاسْتِخْوَانِ al-istiḵwāni |
اِسْتِخْوَانِ istiḵwāni |
Persian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾsthwʾn' /astuxwān/, “bone”), from Proto-Iranian *HástHáhuānām, a compound from *HástH (“bone”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”).
Cognate with Mazanderani هسکا (hassekā), Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon, “bone”), Latin os.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʔus.tu.xʷɑːn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʔus.t̪ʰu.χɔn]
Readings | |
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Classical reading? | ustuxwān |
Dari reading? | ustuxān |
Iranian reading? | ostoxân |
Tajik reading? | ustuxon |
Noun edit
Dari | استخوان |
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Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | устухон |
اُسْتُخْوَان • (ostoxân)
Alternative forms edit
- اُستُخون (ostoxun) (colloquial Iranian)
- سُتْخوان (sotxân), سُتَخوان (sotaxân), اُستُخان (ostoxân) (all obsolete)
Derived terms edit
- اُستُخْوَانی (ostoxâni)
Descendants edit
- → Azerbaijani: üstüxan
- → Chagatai: استخوان
- → Ottoman Turkish: استخوان (üstühan)
- → Urdu: اُسْتُخوان (ustuxvān)
Further reading edit
- Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “استخوان”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
Urdu edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Classical Persian استخوان (ustuxʷān).
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ʊs.t̪ʊx.wɑːn/
Noun edit
اُسْتُخوان • (ustuxwān) m (Hindi spelling उस्तुख़वान)