bone

See also: Bone, boné, bóne, bône, and Bône

EnglishEdit

 
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PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle English bon, from Old English bān (“bone, tusk; the bone of a limb”), from Proto-Germanic *bainą (“bone”), from *bainaz (“straight”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, strike, beat”).

Cognate with Scots bane, been, bean, bein, bain (“bone”), North Frisian bien (“bone”), West Frisian bien (“bone”), Dutch been (“bone; leg”), German Low German Been, Bein (“bone”), German Bein (“leg”), German Gebein (“bones”), Swedish ben (“bone; leg”), Norwegian and Icelandic bein (“bone”), Breton benañ (“to cut, hew”), Latin perfinēs (“break through, break into pieces, shatter”), Avestan 𐬠𐬫𐬈𐬥𐬙𐬈‎ (byente, “they fight, hit”). Related also to Old Norse beinn (“straight, right, favourable, advantageous, convenient, friendly, fair, keen”) (whence Middle English bain, bayne, bayn, beyn (“direct, prompt”), Scots bein, bien (“in good condition, pleasant, well-to-do, cosy, well-stocked, pleasant, keen”)), Icelandic beinn (“straight, direct, hospitable”), Norwegian bein (“straight, direct, easy to deal with”). See bain, bein.

Alternative formsEdit

NounEdit

 
An animal bone

bone (countable and uncountable, plural bones)

  1. (uncountable) A composite material consisting largely of calcium phosphate and collagen and making up the skeleton of most vertebrates.
    • a1420, The British Museum Additional MS, 12,056, “Wounds complicated by the Dislocation of a Bone”, in Robert von Fleischhacker, editor, Lanfranc's "Science of cirurgie."‎[1], London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co, translation of original by Lanfranc of Milan, published 1894, →ISBN, page 63:
      Ne take noon hede to brynge togidere þe parties of þe boon þat is to-broken or dislocate, til viij. daies ben goon in þe wyntir, & v. in þe somer; for þanne it schal make quytture, and be sikir from swellynge; & þanne brynge togidere þe brynkis eiþer þe disiuncture after þe techynge þat schal be seid in þe chapitle of algebra.
  2. (countable) Any of the components of an endoskeleton, made of bone.
  3. A bone of a fish; a fishbone.
  4. A bonefish
    • 2019: "Tres Bocas" by Scott Sadil, California Fly Fisher
      The reason I rarely fish for Mag Bay bones with a 5-weight or 6-weight is the number of fish that can turn light stuff inside out.
  5. One of the rigid parts of a corset that forms its frame, the boning, originally made of whalebone.
  6. One of the fragments of bone held between the fingers of the hand and rattled together to keep time to music.
  7. Anything made of bone, such as a bobbin for weaving bone lace.
  8. (figuratively) The framework of anything.
  9. An off-white colour, like the colour of bone.
    bone:  
  10. (US, informal) A dollar.
  11. (American football, informal) The wishbone formation.
  12. (slang) An erect penis; a boner.
  13. (slang, chiefly in the plural) A domino or dice.
    • 1899, Joseph Conrad, chapter I, in Heart of Darkness:
      The Accountant had brought out already a box of dominoes, and was toying architecturally with the bones.
SynonymsEdit
  • os (rare)
  • (rigid parts of a corset): rib, stay
TranslationsEdit

See bone/translations § Noun.

AdjectiveEdit

bone (not comparable)

  1. Of an off-white colour, like the colour of bone.

VerbEdit

bone (third-person singular simple present bones, present participle boning, simple past and past participle boned)

  1. To prepare (meat, etc) by removing the bone or bones from.
    • 1949, Kenneth Lewis Roberts, I Wanted to Write‎[2], page 44:
      One of the fish stalls specialized in boning shad, and he who has never eaten a boned shad baked twenty minutes on a hot oak plank has been deprived of the most delicious morsel that the ocean yields.
    • 1977, Prosper Montagné, Charlotte Snyder Turgeon, The New Larousse Gastronomique‎[3], page 73:
      The ballottine is made of a piece of meat, fowl, game or fish which is boned, stuffed, and rolled into the shape of a bundle. The term ballottine should strictly apply only to meat, boned and rolled, but not stuffed.
    • 2009, Maguelonne Toussaint-Samat, A History of Food‎[4], page 379:
      Then it is boned; keeping the bone in during cooking improves the flavour and enriches the meat with calcium.
    • 2011, Aliza Green, Steve Legato, The Fishmonger's Apprentice‎[5], page 38:
      Other fish suited to boning through the back include small bluefish, Arctic char, steelhead salmon, salmon, small wild striped bass, hybrid striped bass, Whitefish, drum, trout, and sea trout.
  2. To fertilize with bone.
    • 1859 July 9, The Economist‎[6], page 758:
      He cites an instance of land heavily boned 70 years ago as “still markedly luxuriant beyond any other grass land in the same district.”
  3. To put whalebone into.
    to bone stays
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Ash to this entry?)
  4. (civil engineering) To make level, using a particular procedure; to survey a level line.
    boning rod
  5. (vulgar, slang, usually of a man) To have sexual intercourse with.
    • 2007, Stacey Deddo, The Elimination Special, Part II: The Elimination (Drawn Together), season 3, episode 14, Comedy Central, spoken by The Jew Producer (James Arnold Taylor):
      When we return we'll find out which one of our six remaining contestants' dreams will be totally ruined, like your mom's reputation after I bone her face.
    • 2007, Reno Mounties (Reno 911!), season 4, episode 11, Comedy Central, spoken by Deputy Cherisha Kimball (Mary Birdsong):
      I swear on the good book that if you pull through, I will bone Travis Junior.
    • 2006, Masta Ace (lyrics), “Sick of it all”, in Pariah:
      I am sick of rappers claiming they hot when they really not
      I am sick of rappers bragging about shit they ain’t really got
      These cats stay rapping about cars they don’t own
      I am sick of rappers bragging about models they don’t bone.
  6. (Australia, dated, in Aboriginal culture) To perform "bone pointing", a ritual that is intended to bring illness or even death to the victim.
    • 1962, Arthur Upfield, The Will of the Tribe, Collier Books, page 48:
      "You don't know!", Bony echoed. "You can tell me who boned me fifteen years ago on the other side of the world, and you can't tell me who killed the white-fella in the Crater".
  7. (usually with "up") To study.
    bone up
    • 1896, Burt L. Standish, Frank Merriwell's Chums:
      "I know it. You do not study." "What's the use of boning all the time! I wasn't cut out for it."
  8. To polish boots to a shiny finish.
    • c. 1980,, F. van Zy, SADF National Service (1979-1980)‎[7]:
      "...the permanent boning (excessive polishing) of boots by recruits"
SynonymsEdit
TranslationsEdit

Derived termsEdit

See alsoEdit

Further readingEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Origin unknown; probably related in some way to Etymology 1, above.

VerbEdit

bone (third-person singular simple present bones, present participle boning, simple past and past participle boned)

  1. (transitive, slang) To apprehend, steal.
    • 1839, Charles Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby‎[8], page 127:
      “Did I?” said Squeers, “Well it was rather a startling thing for a stranger to come and recommend himself by saying that he knew all about you, and what your name was, and why you were living so quiet here, and what you had boned, and who you had boned it from.”
    • 1915, William Roscoe Thayer, The Life and Letters of John Hay:
      […] as long as you and I live I take it for granted that you will not suspect me of boning them. But to guard against casualties hereafter, I have asked Nicolay to write you a line saying that I have never had in my possession or custody any of the papers which you entrusted to him.
    • 1936, J.R.R. Tolkien, “The Root of the Boot”, in Songs for the Philologists:
      But troll's old seat is much the same,
      And the bone he boned from its owner
    • 1942, Rebecca West, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon, Canongate, published 2006, page 802:
      Therefore she wants to take results that belong to other people: she wants to bone everybody else's loaf.

Etymology 3Edit

Borrowed from French bornoyer to look at with one eye, to sight, from borgne one-eyed.

VerbEdit

bone (third-person singular simple present bones, present participle boning, simple past and past participle boned)

  1. (carpentry, masonry, surveying) To sight along an object or set of objects to check whether they are level or in line.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Knight to this entry?)
    • 1846, W. M. Buchanan, A Technological Dictionary‎[9], page 151:
      Joiners, &c., bone their work with two straight edges.

Etymology 4Edit

Clipping of trombone

NounEdit

bone (plural bones)

  1. (slang) Clipping of trombone.

AnagramsEdit

AfrikaansEdit

NounEdit

bone

  1. plural of boon

DanishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Low German and Middle Low German bōnen, from Old Saxon *bōnian, from Proto-West Germanic *bōnijan (“to polish”).

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

bone (imperative bon, infinitive at bone, present tense boner, past tense bonede, perfect tense har bonet)

  1. to polish

Etymology 2Edit

Derived from the noun bon (“receipt”), from French bon (“voucher, ticket”).

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

bone (imperative bon, infinitive at bone, present tense boner, past tense bonede, perfect tense har bonet)

  1. to enter (in the cash register)
  2. to charge

EsperantoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From bona (“good”) +‎ -e.

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

bone

  1. well, OK

HadzaEdit

PronunciationEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Sukuma βũne (“four (class XIV)”).

Alternative formsEdit

AdjectiveEdit

bone m (masc. plural bunibii, fem. boneko, fem. plural bonebee)

  1. four

IdoEdit

FWOTD – 30 October 2013

EtymologyEdit

From Esperanto bone (“well”), bona (“good”) +‎ -e.

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

bone

  1. well
    • 2008, Margrit Kennedy, Pekunio sen interesti ed inflaciono, tr. by Alfred Neussner of Interest and Inflation Free Money, page 50:
      To pruvas maxim bone nia bonstando, se ica sumo distributesus nur proxime pro-porcionale.
      This would have served well as a proof of our prosperity if it were evenly distributed. (Original English, page 29)

Related termsEdit

ItalianEdit

AdjectiveEdit

bone

  1. feminine plural of bono

LatinEdit

AdjectiveEdit

bone

  1. vocative masculine singular of bonus

ReferencesEdit

LinduEdit

NounEdit

bone

  1. sand

Middle DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Dutch *bōna, from Proto-West Germanic *baunu.

NounEdit

bône f

  1. bean

InflectionEdit

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

DescendantsEdit

  • Dutch: boon
    • Afrikaans: boon
      • → Xhosa: imbotyi (from the diminutive)
    • → Indonesian: buncis (from the diminutive plural)
    • → Papiamentu: bonchi (from the diminutive)
    • → Sranan Tongo: bonki (from the diminutive)
  • Limburgish: boean

Further readingEdit

Middle EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old English bān.

NounEdit

bone (plural bones)

  1. Alternative form of bon

Etymology 2Edit

From Old Norse bón.

NounEdit

bone

  1. Alternative form of boon

Etymology 3Edit

Borrowed from Old Northern French boon, from Old French bon (“good”).

AdjectiveEdit

bone

  1. Alternative form of boon

Northern SamiEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈpone/

VerbEdit

bone

  1. inflection of botnit:
    1. present indicative connegative
    2. second-person singular imperative
    3. imperative connegative

Old FrenchEdit

PronunciationEdit

AdjectiveEdit

bone

  1. nominative feminine singular of bon
  2. oblique feminine singular of bon

VenetianEdit

AdjectiveEdit

bone

  1. feminine plural of bon
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