بوق

See also: توق, توف, and بوف

Arabic

Etymology

Natively derived from the root ب و ق (b-w-q), concerning concepts related to "trumpets" or "a sudden loud blast of sound"; hence the meaning of "a sudden striking calamity" and by extension "an evil" or "wrongful conduct". Ultimately related to the root ب ق ق (b-q-q), meaning "the buzzing of insects", "to be loud or noisy", "to be obnoxiously talkative", with likely phono-semantic matching of Ancient Greek βούκινο (boúkino) or Latin būcina, borrowed itself as Classical Syriac ܒܘܩ̈ܝܢܐܣ (bwqynʾ /⁠būqīnā⁠/). Compare English bugle, an ox or bovid horn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /buːq/

Noun

بُوق • (būq) m (plural أَبْوَاق (ʔabwāq) or بُوقَات (būqāt))

1. (music) trumpet, conch
   • a. 965, Al-Mutanabbi, لَيَالِيَّ بَعْدَ الظَّاعِنِينَ شُكُولُ:

     إِذَا كَانَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ سَيْفًا لِدَوْلَةٍ // فَفِي النَّاسِ بُوقَاتٌ لَهَا وَطُبُولُ

     ʔiḏā kāna baʕḍu n-nāsi sayfan lidawlatin // fafī n-nāsi būqātun lahā waṭubūlu

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (figuratively) presenting falsities deliberately as true, lie; by comparison to embellishments and pomp, making a lot of useless noise
3. (figuratively) one who does not conceal secrets, announces to all

Declension

Declension of noun بُوق (būq)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بُوق būq	الْبُوق al-būq	بُوق būq
Nominative	بُوقٌ būqun	الْبُوقُ al-būqu	بُوقُ būqu
Accusative	بُوقًا būqan	الْبُوقَ al-būqa	بُوقَ būqa
Genitive	بُوقٍ būqin	الْبُوقِ al-būqi	بُوقِ būqi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بُوقَيْن būqayn	الْبُوقَيْن al-būqayn	بُوقَيْ būqay
Nominative	بُوقَانِ būqāni	الْبُوقَانِ al-būqāni	بُوقَا būqā
Accusative	بُوقَيْنِ būqayni	الْبُوقَيْنِ al-būqayni	بُوقَيْ būqay
Genitive	بُوقَيْنِ būqayni	الْبُوقَيْنِ al-būqayni	بُوقَيْ būqay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote‎; sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَبْوَاق‎; بُوقَات ʔabwāq‎; būqāt	الْأَبْوَاق‎; الْبُوقَات al-ʔabwāq‎; al-būqāt	أَبْوَاق‎; بُوقَات ʔabwāq‎; būqāt
Nominative	أَبْوَاقٌ‎; بُوقَاتٌ ʔabwāqun‎; būqātun	الْأَبْوَاقُ‎; الْبُوقَاتُ al-ʔabwāqu‎; al-būqātu	أَبْوَاقُ‎; بُوقَاتُ ʔabwāqu‎; būqātu
Accusative	أَبْوَاقًا‎; بُوقَاتٍ ʔabwāqan‎; būqātin	الْأَبْوَاقَ‎; الْبُوقَاتِ al-ʔabwāqa‎; al-būqāti	أَبْوَاقَ‎; بُوقَاتِ ʔabwāqa‎; būqāti
Genitive	أَبْوَاقٍ‎; بُوقَاتٍ ʔabwāqin‎; būqātin	الْأَبْوَاقِ‎; الْبُوقَاتِ al-ʔabwāqi‎; al-būqāti	أَبْوَاقِ‎; بُوقَاتِ ʔabwāqi‎; būqāti

Descendants

• Maltese: buq (“hollow reed”)
• → Basque: alboka
• → Georgian: ბუკი (buḳi)
• → Middle Armenian: պուկ (puk)
  • Armenian: բուկ (buk)
• → Ottoman Turkish: بوق (buk)
• → Persian: بوق (buq)
• → Spanish: albogue

References

• Lane, Edward William (1863) “بوق”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[1], London: Williams & Norgate, page 276
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “بق”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[2], London: Williams & Norgate, page 233

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُوق (būq).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [buːq]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [buːq]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [buːq]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [buːq]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [buq]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [buːɢ̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [buq]

Readings
Classical reading?	būq
Dari reading?	būq
Iranian reading?	buğ
Tajik reading?	buq

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

Dari	بوق
Iranian Persian
Tajik	буқ

بوق • (buq)

1. vehicle horn; klaxon

   بوق کشتی ― buq-e kašti ― ship horn

2. (archaic, original sense) trumpet; conch
   • c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]‎^[3]:

     هر شب هزار مرد پاسبان این قصر باشند پانصد سوار و پانصد پیاده که از نماز شام بوق و دهل و کاسه می‌زنند و گردش می‌گردند تا روز.

     har šab hazār mard pāsbān-i īn qasr bāšand pānsad sawār u pānsad pīyāda ki az namāz-i šām būq u duhul u kāsa mē-zanand u gird-aš mē-girdand tā rōz.

     Every night, a thousand men stand guard in this castle, five hundred mounted and five hundred on foot. From the evening prayers on, they blow trumpets and beat drums and cymbals, and go around [the castle] until daybreak.

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic بُوق (būq).

Noun

بوق • (būʔ) m (plural أبواق (ʔabwāʔ))

1. trumpet