lie
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English lien, liggen, from Old English liċġan, from Proto-West Germanic *liggjan, from Proto-Germanic *ligjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-.
Cognate with West Frisian lizze, Dutch liggen, German liegen, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål ligge, Swedish ligga, Icelandic, Faroese and Norwegian Nynorsk liggja, Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (ligan); and with Latin lectus (“bed”), Irish luighe, Russian лежа́ть (ležátʹ), Albanian lag (“troop, band, encampment”).
As a noun for position, the noun has the same etymology above as the verb.
VerbEdit
lie (third-person singular simple present lies, present participle lying, simple past lay or laid, past participle lain or laid or lien) See usage notes.
- (intransitive) To rest in a horizontal position on a surface.
- The book lies on the table; the snow lies on the roof; he lies in his coffin
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Psalms 68:13:
- Though ye haue lien among the pots, yet shall yee bee as the wings of a doue, couered with siluer, and her feathers with yellow gold.
- 1660, [John] Dryden, Astraea Redux:
- The watchful traveller […] / Lay down again, and closed his weary eyes.
- 1849, Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers
- Our uninquiring corpses lie more low / Than our life's curiosity doth go.
- 1892, James Yoxall, chapter 5, in The Lonely Pyramid:
- The desert storm was riding in its strength; the travellers lay beneath the mastery of the fell simoom. Whirling wreaths and columns of burning wind, rushed around and over them.
- (intransitive) To be placed or situated.
- 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page vii:
- Hepaticology, outside the temperate parts of the Northern Hemisphere, still lies deep in the shadow cast by that ultimate "closet taxonomist," Franz Stephani—a ghost whose shadow falls over us all.
- 2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:
- From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts. For mariners leaving the port after lonely nights on the high seas, the delights of the B52 Night Club and Stallion Pub lie a stumble away.
- (intransitive, copulative) To abide; to remain for a longer or shorter time; to be in a certain state or condition.
- to lie waste; to lie fallow; to lie open; to lie hidden; to lie grieving; to lie under one's displeasure; to lie at the mercy of the waves
- The paper does not lie smooth on the wall.
- Used with in: to be or exist; to belong or pertain; to have an abiding place; to consist.
- c. 1690, Of Envy:
- Envy lies between beings equal in nature, though unequal in circumstances.
- 1693, [John Locke], “§2016”, in Some Thoughts Concerning Education, London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], OCLC 1161614482:
- He that thinks that diversion may not lie in hard labour, forgets the early rising and hard riding of huntsmen.
- Used with with: to have sexual relations with.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Genesis 39:7:
- And it came to passe after these things, that his masters wife cast her eyes vpon Ioseph, and shee said, Lie with me.
- Used with on/upon: to be incumbent (on); to be the responsibility of a person.
- (archaic) To lodge; to sleep.
- 1632, John Evelyn, diary, entry 21 October 1632
- While I was now trifling at home, I saw London, […] where I lay one night only.
- 1849 May – 1850 November, Charles Dickens, chapter 10, in The Personal History of David Copperfield, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1850, OCLC 558196156:
- Mr. Quinion lay at our house that night.
- 1632, John Evelyn, diary, entry 21 October 1632
- To be still or quiet, like one lying down to rest.
- c. 1607–1608, William Shakeſpeare, The Late, And much admired Play, Called Pericles, Prince of Tyre. […], London: Imprinted at London for Henry Goſſon, […], published 1609, OCLC 78596089, [Act III, scene i]:
- The Wind is lowd, and will not lie till the Ship be cleard of the dead.
- (law) To be sustainable; to be capable of being maintained.
- 1737, lies%20in%20this%20case%22&f=false Cart against Marsh (legal case)
- An appeal lies in this case from the ordinary to the arches.
- 1737, lies%20in%20this%20case%22&f=false Cart against Marsh (legal case)
Usage notesEdit
See the usage notes at lay.
ConjugationEdit
infinitive | (to) lie | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | lie | lay | |
2nd-person singular | lie, lyest† | lay, layst† | |
3rd-person singular | lies, lyeth† | lay | |
plural | lie | ||
subjunctive | lie | lay | |
imperative | lie | — | |
participles | lying | lain, lien† |
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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NounEdit
lie (plural lies)
- (golf) The terrain and conditions surrounding the ball before it is struck.
- (disc golf) The terrain and conditions surrounding the disc before it is thrown.
- (medicine) The position of a fetus in the womb.
- A manner of lying; relative position.
- An animal's lair.
TranslationsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle English lien (“to lie, tell a falsehood”), from Old English lēogan (“to lie”), from Proto-West Germanic *leugan, from Proto-Germanic *leuganą (“to lie”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewgʰ- (“to lie, swear, bemoan”).
Cognate with West Frisian lige (“to lie”), Low German legen, lögen (“to lie”), Dutch liegen (“to lie”), German lügen (“to lie”), Norwegian ljuge/lyge (“to lie”), Danish lyve (“to lie”), Swedish ljuga (“to lie”), and more distantly with Bulgarian лъжа (lǎža, “to lie”), Russian лгать (lgatʹ, “to lie”), ложь (ložʹ, “falsehood”).
VerbEdit
lie (third-person singular simple present lies, present participle lying, simple past and past participle lied)
- (intransitive) To give false information intentionally with intent to deceive.
- When Pinocchio lies, his nose grows.
- If you are found to have lied in court, you could face a penalty.
- While a principle-based approach might claim that lying is always morally wrong, the casuist would argue that, depending upon the details of the case, lying might or might not be illegal or unethical. The casuist might conclude that a person is wrong to lie in legal testimony under oath, but might argue that lying actually is the best moral choice if the lie saves a life.
- (intransitive) To convey a false image or impression.
- Photographs often lie.
- (intransitive, colloquial) To be mistaken or unintentionally spread false information.
- Sorry, I haven't seen your keys anywhere...wait, I lied! They're right there on the coffee table.
ConjugationEdit
infinitive | (to) lie | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | lie | lied | |
2nd-person singular | lie, liest† | lied, liedst† | |
3rd-person singular | lies, lieth† | lied | |
plural | lie | ||
subjunctive | lie | lied | |
imperative | lie | — | |
participles | lying | lied |
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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Etymology 3Edit
From Middle English lie, from Old English lyġe (“lie, falsehood”), from Proto-Germanic *lugiz (“lie, falsehood”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewgʰ- (“to tell lies, swear, complain”). Cognate with Old Saxon luggi (“a lie”), Old High German lugī, lugin (“a lie”) (German Lüge), Danish løgn (“a lie”), Bulgarian лъжа́ (lǎžá, “а lie”), Russian ложь (ložʹ, “а lie”).
NounEdit
lie (plural lies)
- An intentionally false statement; an intentional falsehood.
- Synonyms: alternative fact, bullshit, deception, falsehood, fib, leasing, prevarication; see also Thesaurus:lie
- Antonym: truth
- I knew he was telling a lie by his facial expression.
- A statement intended to deceive, even if literally true.
- Synonym: half-truth
- (by extension) Anything that misleads or disappoints.
- 1835, Richard Chenevix Trench, the Story of Justin Martyr
- Wishing this lie of life was o'er.
- 2007, Erik Wolpaw and Chet Faliszek, Portal:
- The cake is a lie.
- 1835, Richard Chenevix Trench, the Story of Justin Martyr
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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Further readingEdit
AnagramsEdit
FinnishEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
lie
- (dialectal) third-person singular potential present of olla
- Se on missä lie.
- It's somewhere. / I wonder where it is.
- Tai mitä lie ovatkaan
- Or whatever they are.
- Kyllä asia lie juuri näin.
- Yes, the thing supposedly is just like that.
- Se on missä lie.
Usage notesEdit
- This form is commonly used in North Karelian dialect, in standard Finnish in highly literary or solemn use, only. Can take any person form. As a main verb, the form just occurs in present tense. As an auxiliary verb form, it may take place in the perfect tense form of any verb. In dialectal use, the form can typically be seen in both direct and indirect questions.
SynonymsEdit
- (3rd-pers. sg. potent. pres. of olla; standard) lienee
AnagramsEdit
FrenchEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old French lie, from Medieval Latin lias (“lees, dregs”) (descent via winemaking common in monasteries), from Gaulish *ligyā, *legyā (“silt, sediment”) (compare Welsh llai, Old Breton leh (“deposit, silt”)), from Proto-Celtic *legyā (“layer”), from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie”).
NounEdit
lie f (plural lies)
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
VerbEdit
lie
- inflection of lier:
Further readingEdit
- “lie”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
AnagramsEdit
MandarinEdit
RomanizationEdit
lie (lie5 / lie0, Zhuyin ˙ㄌㄧㄝ)
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 咧
lie
- Nonstandard spelling of liē.
- Nonstandard spelling of lié.
- Nonstandard spelling of liě.
- Nonstandard spelling of liè.
Usage notesEdit
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Old FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Medieval Latin lias (“lees, dregs”) (descent via winemaking common in monasteries), from Gaulish *ligyā, *legyā (“silt, sediment”) (compare Welsh llai, Old Breton leh (“deposit, silt”)), from Proto-Celtic *legyā (“layer”), from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie”).
NounEdit
lie f (oblique plural lies, nominative singular lie, nominative plural lies)
- dregs; mostly solid, undesirable leftovers of a drink
DescendantsEdit
- → English: lees
Old IrishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Celtic *līwanks (compare *līwos), from Proto-Indo-European *leh₁w- (“stone”) (compare Ancient Greek λᾶας (lâas, “stone”), Albanian lerë (“boulder”)).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
lie m (genitive lïac or lïacc)
- a stone
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4d15
- In Belzefuth: is béss didu ind lïacc benir il-béim friss, et intí do·thuit foir ɔ·boing a chnámi, intí fora tuit-som immurgu at·bail-side.
- The Beelzebub: it is the custom, then, of the stone that many blows are hit against it, and he who falls upon it breaks his bones; however, he whom it falls on perishes
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 65a1
- Níbu machdath do·rónta día dind lïac.
- It was not a wonder that a god would be made of the stone.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4d15
DeclensionEdit
Masculine k-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | lie | liicL | liic |
Vocative | lie | liicL | lïaca |
Accusative | liicN, lieicN | liicL | lïaca |
Genitive | lïac, lïacc | lïac, lïacc | lïacN, lïaccN |
Dative | liicL, lieicL | lïacaib | lïacaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
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DescendantsEdit
MutationEdit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
lie also llie after a proclitic |
lie pronounced with /l(ʲ)-/ |
unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further readingEdit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 lía”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
SpanishEdit
VerbEdit
lie
SwedishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Swedish līe, lē, from Old Norse lé, from Proto-Germanic *lewô, from Proto-Indo-European *leu- (“to cut”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
lie c
- scythe; an instrument for mowing grass, grain, or the like.
DeclensionEdit
Declension of lie | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | lie | lien | liar | liarna |
Genitive | lies | liens | liars | liarnas |