دیوار
Central Kurdish
editPronunciation
editNoun
editNorthern Kurdish | dîwar |
---|
دیوار (dîwar)
Khalaj
editNoun
editدیوار (duvâr) (definite accusative دیوارؽ, plural دیوارلار)
Declension
editDeclension of دیوار
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | دیوار | دیوارلار |
genitive | دیوارؽݧ | دیوارلارؽݧ |
dative | دیوارقا | دیوارلارقا |
definite accusative | دیوارؽ | دیوارلارؽ |
locative | دیوارچا | دیوارلارچا |
ablative | دیواردا | دیوارلاردا |
instrumental | دیوارلا | دیوارلارلا |
equative | دیواروارا | دیوارلاروارا |
Ottoman Turkish
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Persian دیوار (divâr, “wall”), from Middle Persian dywʾl (dēwār, “wall”).
Noun
editدیوار • (duvar) (definite accusative دیواری (duvarı), plural دیوارلر (duvarlar))
- wall, each of the substantial structures acting either as the exterior of or divisions within a structure
- Synonym: جدار (cidar)
- wall, any structure built with stones, earth etc. built for defensive pruposes, surrounding a place
- Synonym: سور (sur)
Derived terms
edit- اورمه دیوار (örme duvar, “a built-up wall”)
- بغدادی دیوار (bağdadî duvar, “wall of lath and plaster”)
- بودور دیوار (bodur duvar, “low wall, parapet”)
- در و دیوار (der ve duvar, “a house, as a whole”, literally “door and wall”)
- درت دیوار آراسی (dört duvar arası, “captivity”, literally “the space inside four walls”)
- دیوار آردی (duvar ardı, “coward”, literally “the back of a wall”)
- دیوار اورمك (duvar örmek, “to build a wall”)
- دیوار چكمك (duvar çekmek, “to wall up”)
- دیوار یاران (duvar yaran, “Satan, the Devil”, literally “wall cleaver”)
- دیوارجی (duvarcı, “mason, bricklayer”)
- دیوارسز (duvarsız, “unwalled”)
- دیوارلاتمق (duvarlatmak, “to make or let be walled”)
- دیوارلامق (duvarlamak, “to enclose with walls”)
- دیوارلانمق (duvarlanmak, “to be walled up”)
- دیوارلو (duvarlı, “walled”)
- دیوارچه (divarçe, “little wall”)
- شاه دیوار (şah duvar, “bearing wall”)
- صور دیوار (sur duvar, “solid wall”)
- قلعه دیواری (kalʼe duvarı, “rampart”)
- قورو دیوار (kuru duvar, “bare wall”)
Descendants
edit- Turkish: duvar
- → Bulgarian: дува́р (duvár)
- → Greek: ντουβάρι (ntouvári)
- → Macedonian: дувар (duvar)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
Further reading
edit- Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881) “دیوار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 785
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “duvar”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1314
- Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “دیوار”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 240b
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “دیوار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 601
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Murus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[3], Vienna, column 1106
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “دیوار”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[4], Vienna, column 2219
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “duvar”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “دیوار”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 940
Persian
editAlternative forms
edit- دیوال (usually colloquial)
Etymology
editFrom Middle Persian dywʾl (dēwār, “wall”). Compare Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬰𐬀 (daēza, “wall”), Ancient Greek τεῖχος (teîkhos, “wall, fortifications”).
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [deː.ˈwɑːɾ], [diː.ˈwɑːɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d̪iː.vɒ́ːɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d̪e.vɔ́ɾ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | dēwār, dīwār |
Dari reading? | dēwār |
Iranian reading? | divâr |
Tajik reading? | devor |
Noun
editDari | دیوار |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | девор |
دیوار • (divâr) (plural دیوارها (divâr-hâ))
- wall
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 214:
- گرچه دیوار افکند سایهی دراز
باز گردد سوی او آن سایه باز- garči dēwār afkand sāya-yi darāz
bāz gardad sōy-i ō ān sāya bāz - Although the wall casts a long shadow, yet at last the shadow turns back again towards it [as the sun moves].
- garči dēwār afkand sāya-yi darāz
Derived terms
edit- دیوار کوتاه (divâr kutâh, “helpless person”, literally “low wall”)
- دیواره (divâre, “rim”)
- دیواری (divâri, “wall-related”)
Descendants
edit- → Assamese: দেৱাল (dewal)
- → Azerbaijani: divar
- → Bashkir: диуар (diwar)
- → Gujarati: દિવાલ (divāl), દીવાલ (dīvāl)
- → Hindustani:
- → Kazakh: дуал (dual)
- → Khalaj: duvâr
- → Middle Bengali: দেওয়ার (deōẇar)
- Bengali: দেওয়াল (deōẇal)
- → Punjabi: ਦੀਵਾਰ / دیوار (dīvār)
- → Odia: ଦେୱାଲ (dewāla)
- → Ottoman Turkish: دیوار (duvar)
References
edit- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “dēwār”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 26
- Miller, Corey, Livingston, Jace, Vinson, Mark, Triebwasser Prado, Thomas (2014) Persian Dialects: As Spoken in Iran[6], University of Maryland Center for Advanced Study of Language, page 14: “Peisikov (1960, section 25) notes several words with /r/ in the standard language that can be pronounced with /l/ in Tehrani: دیوار 'wall' /dival/, برق 'electricity' /bälɣ/, سوراخ 'hole' /sulax/.”
Punjabi
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Classical Persian دیوار (dīwār), from Middle Persian dywʾl (dēwār).
Noun
editUrdu
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Classical Persian دیوار (dīwār), from Middle Persian dywʾl (dēwār). Cognate to Punjabi دیوار (dīvār).
Noun
editدیوار • (dīvār) f (Hindi spelling दीवार)
Declension
editDeclension of دیوار | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
direct | دیوار (dīvār) | دیوار (dīvār) |
oblique | دیوار (dīvār) | دیواروں (dīvārō̃) |
vocative | دیوار (dīvār) | دیوارو (dīvārō) |
Categories:
- Central Kurdish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Central Kurdish lemmas
- Central Kurdish nouns
- Khalaj lemmas
- Khalaj nouns
- Khalaj terms in Arabic script
- Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Persian
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Persian
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Middle Persian
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish nouns
- ota:Walls and fences
- Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian terms with audio links
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- Persian terms with quotations
- Punjabi terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Punjabi terms derived from Classical Persian
- Punjabi terms derived from Middle Persian
- Punjabi lemmas
- Punjabi nouns
- Punjabi nouns in Shahmukhi script
- Punjabi feminine nouns
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Middle Persian
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu feminine nouns
- Urdu nouns with declension