سور

See also: سؤر, شور, سؤز, and سوز

Arabic

سُور

Etymology 1

Argued to be a loan from Aramaic שׂוּרָא / ܫܘܪܐ (šūrā), but other cognates such as Sabaean 𐩣𐩬𐩪𐩥𐩧𐩩 (mns¹wrt, “walls”) and Tigre ሶር (sor, “partition wall”) (unless that form is itself borrowed from Arabic) suggest that it may in fact be inherited.

Noun

سُور • (sūr) m (plural أَسْوَار (ʔaswār) or سِيرَان (sīrān))

1. wall that encloses and protects a building

Declension

Declension of noun سُور (sūr)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	سُور sūr	السُّور as-sūr	سُور sūr
nominative	سُورٌ sūrun	السُّورُ as-sūru	سُورُ sūru
accusative	سُورًا sūran	السُّورَ as-sūra	سُورَ sūra
genitive	سُورٍ sūrin	السُّورِ as-sūri	سُورِ sūri
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	سُورَيْن sūrayn	السُّورَيْن as-sūrayn	سُورَيْ sūray
nominative	سُورَانِ sūrāni	السُّورَانِ as-sūrāni	سُورَا sūrā
accusative	سُورَيْنِ sūrayni	السُّورَيْنِ as-sūrayni	سُورَيْ sūray
genitive	سُورَيْنِ sūrayni	السُّورَيْنِ as-sūrayni	سُورَيْ sūray
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَسْوَار‎; سِيرَان ʔaswār‎; sīrān	الْأَسْوَار‎; السِّيرَان al-ʔaswār‎; as-sīrān	أَسْوَار‎; سِيرَان ʔaswār‎; sīrān
nominative	أَسْوَارٌ‎; سِيرَانٌ ʔaswārun‎; sīrānun	الْأَسْوَارُ‎; السِّيرَانُ al-ʔaswāru‎; as-sīrānu	أَسْوَارُ‎; سِيرَانُ ʔaswāru‎; sīrānu
accusative	أَسْوَارًا‎; سِيرَانًا ʔaswāran‎; sīrānan	الْأَسْوَارَ‎; السِّيرَانَ al-ʔaswāra‎; as-sīrāna	أَسْوَارَ‎; سِيرَانَ ʔaswāra‎; sīrāna
genitive	أَسْوَارٍ‎; سِيرَانٍ ʔaswārin‎; sīrānin	الْأَسْوَارِ‎; السِّيرَانِ al-ʔaswāri‎; as-sīrāni	أَسْوَارِ‎; سِيرَانِ ʔaswāri‎; sīrāni

References

• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 237
• Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 397
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “سور”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen

Verb

سَوَّرَ • (sawwara) II (non-past يُسَوِّرُ (yusawwiru), verbal noun تَسْوِير (taswīr))

1. to enclose with a wall or fences

Conjugation

    Conjugation of سَوَّرَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَسْوِير)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَسْوِير taswīr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُسَوِّر musawwir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُسَوَّر musawwar
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سَوَّرْتُ sawwartu	سَوَّرْتَ sawwarta	سَوَّرَ sawwara		سَوَّرْتُمَا sawwartumā	سَوَّرَا sawwarā		سَوَّرْنَا sawwarnā	سَوَّرْتُمْ sawwartum	سَوَّرُوا sawwarū
	f		سَوَّرْتِ sawwarti	سَوَّرَتْ sawwarat			سَوَّرَتَا sawwaratā			سَوَّرْتُنَّ sawwartunna	سَوَّرْنَ sawwarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُسَوِّرُ ʔusawwiru	تُسَوِّرُ tusawwiru	يُسَوِّرُ yusawwiru		تُسَوِّرَانِ tusawwirāni	يُسَوِّرَانِ yusawwirāni		نُسَوِّرُ nusawwiru	تُسَوِّرُونَ tusawwirūna	يُسَوِّرُونَ yusawwirūna
	f		تُسَوِّرِينَ tusawwirīna	تُسَوِّرُ tusawwiru			تُسَوِّرَانِ tusawwirāni			تُسَوِّرْنَ tusawwirna	يُسَوِّرْنَ yusawwirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُسَوِّرَ ʔusawwira	تُسَوِّرَ tusawwira	يُسَوِّرَ yusawwira		تُسَوِّرَا tusawwirā	يُسَوِّرَا yusawwirā		نُسَوِّرَ nusawwira	تُسَوِّرُوا tusawwirū	يُسَوِّرُوا yusawwirū
	f		تُسَوِّرِي tusawwirī	تُسَوِّرَ tusawwira			تُسَوِّرَا tusawwirā			تُسَوِّرْنَ tusawwirna	يُسَوِّرْنَ yusawwirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُسَوِّرْ ʔusawwir	تُسَوِّرْ tusawwir	يُسَوِّرْ yusawwir		تُسَوِّرَا tusawwirā	يُسَوِّرَا yusawwirā		نُسَوِّرْ nusawwir	تُسَوِّرُوا tusawwirū	يُسَوِّرُوا yusawwirū
	f		تُسَوِّرِي tusawwirī	تُسَوِّرْ tusawwir			تُسَوِّرَا tusawwirā			تُسَوِّرْنَ tusawwirna	يُسَوِّرْنَ yusawwirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		سَوِّرْ sawwir			سَوِّرَا sawwirā				سَوِّرُوا sawwirū
	f		سَوِّرِي sawwirī							سَوِّرْنَ sawwirna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سُوِّرْتُ suwwirtu	سُوِّرْتَ suwwirta	سُوِّرَ suwwira		سُوِّرْتُمَا suwwirtumā	سُوِّرَا suwwirā		سُوِّرْنَا suwwirnā	سُوِّرْتُمْ suwwirtum	سُوِّرُوا suwwirū
	f		سُوِّرْتِ suwwirti	سُوِّرَتْ suwwirat			سُوِّرَتَا suwwiratā			سُوِّرْتُنَّ suwwirtunna	سُوِّرْنَ suwwirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُسَوَّرُ ʔusawwaru	تُسَوَّرُ tusawwaru	يُسَوَّرُ yusawwaru		تُسَوَّرَانِ tusawwarāni	يُسَوَّرَانِ yusawwarāni		نُسَوَّرُ nusawwaru	تُسَوَّرُونَ tusawwarūna	يُسَوَّرُونَ yusawwarūna
	f		تُسَوَّرِينَ tusawwarīna	تُسَوَّرُ tusawwaru			تُسَوَّرَانِ tusawwarāni			تُسَوَّرْنَ tusawwarna	يُسَوَّرْنَ yusawwarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُسَوَّرَ ʔusawwara	تُسَوَّرَ tusawwara	يُسَوَّرَ yusawwara		تُسَوَّرَا tusawwarā	يُسَوَّرَا yusawwarā		نُسَوَّرَ nusawwara	تُسَوَّرُوا tusawwarū	يُسَوَّرُوا yusawwarū
	f		تُسَوَّرِي tusawwarī	تُسَوَّرَ tusawwara			تُسَوَّرَا tusawwarā			تُسَوَّرْنَ tusawwarna	يُسَوَّرْنَ yusawwarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُسَوَّرْ ʔusawwar	تُسَوَّرْ tusawwar	يُسَوَّرْ yusawwar		تُسَوَّرَا tusawwarā	يُسَوَّرَا yusawwarā		نُسَوَّرْ nusawwar	تُسَوَّرُوا tusawwarū	يُسَوَّرُوا yusawwarū
	f		تُسَوَّرِي tusawwarī	تُسَوَّرْ tusawwar			تُسَوَّرَا tusawwarā			تُسَوَّرْنَ tusawwarna	يُسَوَّرْنَ yusawwarna

Etymology 2

Noun

سُوَر • (suwar) f pl

1. plural of سُورَة (sūra)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic سُور (sūr, “wall”), argued to be a loan from Aramaic שׂוּרָא (šūrā, “wall, fortification”).

Noun

سور • (sur) (definite accusative سوری (surı), plural اسوار (esvar) or سیران (sirân))

1. wall, any structure built with stones, earth etc. built for defensive pruposes, surrounding a place

   Synonym: دیوار (duvar)

Descendants

• Turkish: sur

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “sur2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4358
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “sûr”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[2] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1155
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “سور”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[3], Constantinople: Mihran, page 697
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Murus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[4], Vienna, column 1106
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “سور”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[5], Vienna, column 2702
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “سور”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1088

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Persian سور (sur, “nuptials”), from Old Persian *θūryas (“banquet, feast”).

Noun

سور • (sur)

1. wedding, nuptials, the ceremony that marks the beginning of a marriage

   Synonyms: دوگون (düğün), عرس (ʼurs)

Descendants

• Turkish: sur

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “sur3”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4358
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “sûr”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[7] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1155
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “سور”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[8], Constantinople: Mihran, page 697
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Nuptiæ”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[9], Vienna, column 1162
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “سور”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[10], Vienna, column 2702
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “سور”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[11], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1088

Pashto

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *cuxráh.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sur/

Adjective

سور • (sur)

1. red

Declension

declension of سور

	masculine			feminine
	singular	plural		singular	plural
direct	سور (sur)	سرۀ (srë)		سره (sra)	سرې (sre)
oblique	سرۀ (srë)	سرو (sro)		سرې (sre)	سرو (sro)
vocative	سوره (sura)	سرو (sro)		سرې (sre)	سرو (sro)

See also

Colors in Pashto · رنګونه (ranguna) (layout · text)

سپين (spin)	خړ (xëṛ)	تور (tor)
سور (sur)	نارنجي (nâranji); نسواري (naswâri)	ژېړ (žeṛ)
	شين (šin)
		شين (shin)
چوڼيا (čuṇyâ); نيلي (nili)	کینخي (kinaxi)	ګلابي (gwëlâbi)

Persian

Etymology

From Old Persian *θūryas (“banquet, feast”), from Proto-Iranian *cuHryás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćuHryás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewH- (“to shine”), see also Sanskrit श्वस् (śvas, “tomorrow”). Related to Northern Kurdish sor (“red”).

Noun

سور • (sur)

1. nuptials
2. banquet, feast, entertainment

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “سور”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul

Punjabi

Pronunciation

• (Standard Punjabi) IPA^(key): /suːɾ/, [suːɾᵊ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uːɾ

Etymology 1

Inherited from Prakrit सूअर (sūara), from Sanskrit सूकर (sūkara). Compare Urdu سؤر (sū'ar).

Noun

سُوْر • (sūr) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸੂਰ)

1. pig, swine

   Synonym: خَنْزِیر (xanzīr)

Declension

Declension of سور

	singular	plural
direct	سُور (sūr)	سُور (sūr)
oblique	سُور (sūr)	سُوراں (sūrāṉ)
vocative	سُورا (sūrā)	سُورو (sūro)
ablative	سُوروں (sūroṉ)	سُوراں (sūrāṉ)
locative	سُورے (sūre)	سُورِیں (sūrīṉ)
instrumental	سُوروں (sūroṉ)	–

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective

سُوْر • (sūr)

1. brave, valiant, intrepid

   Synonyms: بَہادَر (bahādar), دَلیر (daler)

Derived terms

• سُور بِیر (sūr bīr)

Related terms

• سُورما (sūrmā)

Etymology 3

From Sanskrit सूर (sūra). Related to سُورَج (sūraj).

Noun

سُوْر • (sūr) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸੂਰ)

1. (informal, poetic, rare) Alternative form of سُورَج (sūraj, “the Sun”)

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sūkará”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 780
• Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “سُور”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
• “ਸੂਰ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025

Southeast Pashayi

Etymology

From Sanskrit सूर्य (sūrya).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [sʊr]

Noun

سوُر (sor)

1. sun

Further reading

• Abd-El-Malek Lamuwal, Adam Baker (2013) “Southeastern Pashayi”, in Journal of the International Phonetic Association, volume 43, Cambridge: International Phonetic Association, pages 243-246
• Richard F. Strand (2011) Degânʹo Lexicon‎^[12]

Ushojo

Noun

سور (sōr)

1. rider