سبر

Arabic

Pronunciation

• Verb: IPA^(key): /sa.ba.ra/
• Noun 1: IPA^(key): /sabr/
• Noun 2: IPA^(key): /sibr/

Etymology 1

Root
س ب ر (s-b-r)

From Aramaic סְבַר (sḇar) in a very narrow meaning, apparently only back-formed from سِبَار (sibār), مِسْبَار (misbār), مِسْبَر (misbar, “probe”).

Verb

سَبَرَ • (sabara) I, non-past يَسْبُرُ or يَسْبِرُ‎ (yasburu or yasbiru) (transitive)

1. to probe into (a hole, like a well) so as to measure its depth; to guage; to sound

   Synonym: قَاسَ (qāsa)

   1. (figurative) to probe into (someone) as if measuring him; to guage; to sound; to judge; to weigh up

Conjugation

Conjugation of

سَبَرَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun سَبْر)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						سَبْر sabr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						سَابِر sābir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَسْبُور masbūr
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سَبَرْتُ sabartu	سَبَرْتَ sabarta	سَبَرَ sabara		سَبَرْتُمَا sabartumā	سَبَرَا sabarā		سَبَرْنَا sabarnā	سَبَرْتُمْ sabartum	سَبَرُوا sabarū
	f		سَبَرْتِ sabarti	سَبَرَتْ sabarat			سَبَرَتَا sabaratā			سَبَرْتُنَّ sabartunna	سَبَرْنَ sabarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَسْبِرُ ʔasbiru	تَسْبِرُ tasbiru	يَسْبِرُ yasbiru		تَسْبِرَانِ tasbirāni	يَسْبِرَانِ yasbirāni		نَسْبِرُ nasbiru	تَسْبِرُونَ tasbirūna	يَسْبِرُونَ yasbirūna
	f		تَسْبِرِينَ tasbirīna	تَسْبِرُ tasbiru			تَسْبِرَانِ tasbirāni			تَسْبِرْنَ tasbirna	يَسْبِرْنَ yasbirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَسْبِرَ ʔasbira	تَسْبِرَ tasbira	يَسْبِرَ yasbira		تَسْبِرَا tasbirā	يَسْبِرَا yasbirā		نَسْبِرَ nasbira	تَسْبِرُوا tasbirū	يَسْبِرُوا yasbirū
	f		تَسْبِرِي tasbirī	تَسْبِرَ tasbira			تَسْبِرَا tasbirā			تَسْبِرْنَ tasbirna	يَسْبِرْنَ yasbirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَسْبِرْ ʔasbir	تَسْبِرْ tasbir	يَسْبِرْ yasbir		تَسْبِرَا tasbirā	يَسْبِرَا yasbirā		نَسْبِرْ nasbir	تَسْبِرُوا tasbirū	يَسْبِرُوا yasbirū
	f		تَسْبِرِي tasbirī	تَسْبِرْ tasbir			تَسْبِرَا tasbirā			تَسْبِرْنَ tasbirna	يَسْبِرْنَ yasbirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِسْبِرْ isbir			اِسْبِرَا isbirā				اِسْبِرُوا isbirū
	f		اِسْبِرِي isbirī							اِسْبِرْنَ isbirna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سُبِرْتُ subirtu	سُبِرْتَ subirta	سُبِرَ subira		سُبِرْتُمَا subirtumā	سُبِرَا subirā		سُبِرْنَا subirnā	سُبِرْتُمْ subirtum	سُبِرُوا subirū
	f		سُبِرْتِ subirti	سُبِرَتْ subirat			سُبِرَتَا subiratā			سُبِرْتُنَّ subirtunna	سُبِرْنَ subirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُسْبَرُ ʔusbaru	تُسْبَرُ tusbaru	يُسْبَرُ yusbaru		تُسْبَرَانِ tusbarāni	يُسْبَرَانِ yusbarāni		نُسْبَرُ nusbaru	تُسْبَرُونَ tusbarūna	يُسْبَرُونَ yusbarūna
	f		تُسْبَرِينَ tusbarīna	تُسْبَرُ tusbaru			تُسْبَرَانِ tusbarāni			تُسْبَرْنَ tusbarna	يُسْبَرْنَ yusbarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُسْبَرَ ʔusbara	تُسْبَرَ tusbara	يُسْبَرَ yusbara		تُسْبَرَا tusbarā	يُسْبَرَا yusbarā		نُسْبَرَ nusbara	تُسْبَرُوا tusbarū	يُسْبَرُوا yusbarū
	f		تُسْبَرِي tusbarī	تُسْبَرَ tusbara			تُسْبَرَا tusbarā			تُسْبَرْنَ tusbarna	يُسْبَرْنَ yusbarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُسْبَرْ ʔusbar	تُسْبَرْ tusbar	يُسْبَرْ yusbar		تُسْبَرَا tusbarā	يُسْبَرَا yusbarā		نُسْبَرْ nusbar	تُسْبَرُوا tusbarū	يُسْبَرُوا yusbarū
	f		تُسْبَرِي tusbarī	تُسْبَرْ tusbar			تُسْبَرَا tusbarā			تُسْبَرْنَ tusbarna	يُسْبَرْنَ yusbarna

Etymology 2

Root
س ب ر (s-b-r)

Noun

سَبْر • (sabr) m

1. verbal noun of سَبَر (sabar) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun سَبْر (sabr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَبْر sabr	السَّبْر as-sabr	سَبْر sabr
Nominative	سَبْرٌ sabrun	السَّبْرُ as-sabru	سَبْرُ sabru
Accusative	سَبْرًا sabran	السَّبْرَ as-sabra	سَبْرَ sabra
Genitive	سَبْرٍ sabrin	السَّبْرِ as-sabri	سَبْرِ sabri

Noun

سَبْر or سِبْر • (sabr or sibr) m (plural أَسْبَار (ʔasbār)) (countable)

1. mien

   Synonym: هَيْئَة (hayʔa)

Declension

Declension of noun سَبْر (sabr)‎; سِبْر (sibr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَبْر‎; سِبْر sabr‎; sibr	السَّبْر‎; السِّبْر as-sabr‎; as-sibr	سَبْر‎; سِبْر sabr‎; sibr
Nominative	سَبْرٌ‎; سِبْرٌ sabrun‎; sibrun	السَّبْرُ‎; السِّبْرُ as-sabru‎; as-sibru	سَبْرُ‎; سِبْرُ sabru‎; sibru
Accusative	سَبْرًا‎; سِبْرًا sabran‎; sibran	السَّبْرَ‎; السِّبْرَ as-sabra‎; as-sibra	سَبْرَ‎; سِبْرَ sabra‎; sibra
Genitive	سَبْرٍ‎; سِبْرٍ sabrin‎; sibrin	السَّبْرِ‎; السِّبْرِ as-sabri‎; as-sibri	سَبْرِ‎; سِبْرِ sabri‎; sibri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَبْرَيْن‎; سِبْرَيْن sabrayn‎; sibrayn	السَّبْرَيْن‎; السِّبْرَيْن as-sabrayn‎; as-sibrayn	سَبْرَيْ‎; سِبْرَيْ sabray‎; sibray
Nominative	سَبْرَانِ‎; سِبْرَانِ sabrāni‎; sibrāni	السَّبْرَانِ‎; السِّبْرَانِ as-sabrāni‎; as-sibrāni	سَبْرَا‎; سِبْرَا sabrā‎; sibrā
Accusative	سَبْرَيْنِ‎; سِبْرَيْنِ sabrayni‎; sibrayni	السَّبْرَيْنِ‎; السِّبْرَيْنِ as-sabrayni‎; as-sibrayni	سَبْرَيْ‎; سِبْرَيْ sabray‎; sibray
Genitive	سَبْرَيْنِ‎; سِبْرَيْنِ sabrayni‎; sibrayni	السَّبْرَيْنِ‎; السِّبْرَيْنِ as-sabrayni‎; as-sibrayni	سَبْرَيْ‎; سِبْرَيْ sabray‎; sibray
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَسْبَار ʔasbār	الْأَسْبَار al-ʔasbār	أَسْبَار ʔasbār
Nominative	أَسْبَارٌ ʔasbārun	الْأَسْبَارُ al-ʔasbāru	أَسْبَارُ ʔasbāru
Accusative	أَسْبَارًا ʔasbāran	الْأَسْبَارَ al-ʔasbāra	أَسْبَارَ ʔasbāra
Genitive	أَسْبَارٍ ʔasbārin	الْأَسْبَارِ al-ʔasbāri	أَسْبَارِ ʔasbāri

Further reading

• Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 612–613
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 261
• Freytag, Georg (1833) “سبر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 277b
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “سبر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[2] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 1043a
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “سبر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[3], London: Williams & Norgate, page 1293
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “سبر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[4], London: W.H. Allen, page 478a
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “سبر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 458a

Burushaski

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sabur]

Adverb

سبر (sabur)

1. yesterday

   Synonym: ساٹݵ (saaṭi)

References

• Bechtholdt, Astrid (2024) “sabur”, in Burushaski Hunza Dictionary (Webonary) (in Burushaski), Dallas, Texas, USA: SIL International, published 2017: “(in Latin script)”.