سدر

Arabic edit

سَدَارَة

Etymology 1 edit

Root
س د ر (s-d-r)

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /sa.di.ra/

Verb edit

سَدِرَ • (sadira) I, non-past يَسْدَرُ‎ (yasdaru)

to be dazzled, to be blinded, to have vision blocked
- c. 700, al-ʾaḵṭal at-taġlibī, ألا سائل الجحاف هل هو ثائر:
  يصولُ بمَجْرٍ لَيْسَ يُحْصى عديدُه
  ويَسْدَرُ مِنْهُ، ساجِياً، كلُّ ناظِرِ
  He encroaches numerously in a number that cannot be counted
  And every beholder is silent and dazzled by him.
to be careless, to be regardless, to be reckless

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of

سَدِرَ

(form-I sound, verbal nouns سَدَر or سَدَارَة)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر					سَدَر or سَدَارَة sadar or sadāra
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					سَادِر sādir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَسْدُور masdūr
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سَدِرْتُ sadirtu	سَدِرْتَ sadirta	سَدِرَ sadira	سَدِرْتُمَا sadirtumā	سَدِرَا sadirā	سَدِرْنَا sadirnā	سَدِرْتُمْ sadirtum	سَدِرُوا sadirū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	سَدِرْتُ sadirtu	سَدِرْتِ sadirti	سَدِرَتْ sadirat	سَدِرْتُمَا sadirtumā	سَدِرَتَا sadiratā	سَدِرْنَا sadirnā	سَدِرْتُنَّ sadirtunna	سَدِرْنَ sadirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَسْدَرُ ʔasdaru	تَسْدَرُ tasdaru	يَسْدَرُ yasdaru	تَسْدَرَانِ tasdarāni	يَسْدَرَانِ yasdarāni	نَسْدَرُ nasdaru	تَسْدَرُونَ tasdarūna	يَسْدَرُونَ yasdarūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَسْدَرُ ʔasdaru	تَسْدَرِينَ tasdarīna	تَسْدَرُ tasdaru	تَسْدَرَانِ tasdarāni	تَسْدَرَانِ tasdarāni	نَسْدَرُ nasdaru	تَسْدَرْنَ tasdarna	يَسْدَرْنَ yasdarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَسْدَرَ ʔasdara	تَسْدَرَ tasdara	يَسْدَرَ yasdara	تَسْدَرَا tasdarā	يَسْدَرَا yasdarā	نَسْدَرَ nasdara	تَسْدَرُوا tasdarū	يَسْدَرُوا yasdarū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَسْدَرَ ʔasdara	تَسْدَرِي tasdarī	تَسْدَرَ tasdara	تَسْدَرَا tasdarā	تَسْدَرَا tasdarā	نَسْدَرَ nasdara	تَسْدَرْنَ tasdarna	يَسْدَرْنَ yasdarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَسْدَرْ ʔasdar	تَسْدَرْ tasdar	يَسْدَرْ yasdar	تَسْدَرَا tasdarā	يَسْدَرَا yasdarā	نَسْدَرْ nasdar	تَسْدَرُوا tasdarū	يَسْدَرُوا yasdarū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَسْدَرْ ʔasdar	تَسْدَرِي tasdarī	تَسْدَرْ tasdar	تَسْدَرَا tasdarā	تَسْدَرَا tasdarā	نَسْدَرْ nasdar	تَسْدَرْنَ tasdarna	يَسْدَرْنَ yasdarna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِسْدَرْ isdar		اِسْدَرَا isdarā			اِسْدَرُوا isdarū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اِسْدَرِي isdarī		اِسْدَرَا isdarā			اِسْدَرْنَ isdarna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	سُدِرَ sudira	—	—	—	—	—
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُسْدَرُ yusdaru	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُسْدَرَ yusdara	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُسْدَرْ yusdar	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Noun edit

سَدَر • (sadar) m

verbal noun of سَدِرَ (sadira) (form I)

Declension edit

Declension of noun سَدَر (sadar)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَدَر sadar	السَّدَر as-sadar	سَدَر sadar
Nominative	سَدَرٌ sadarun	السَّدَرُ as-sadaru	سَدَرُ sadaru
Accusative	سَدَرًا sadaran	السَّدَرَ as-sadara	سَدَرَ sadara
Genitive	سَدَرٍ sadarin	السَّدَرِ as-sadari	سَدَرِ sadari

سِدْر – Ziziphus spina-christi

سدر on Arabic Wikipedia

Etymology 2 edit

From the root س د ر (s-d-r) meaning “to obscure or block vision”, “to make an area inaccessible or blocked”; originally applied variously to lofty trees associated with shade.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /sidr/

Noun edit

سِدْر • (sidr) m (collective, singulative سِدْرَة f (sidra), plural سُدُور (sudūr) or سِدَر (sidar), paucal سِدَرَات (sidarāt))

buckthorn, trees of the genus Ziziphus
Synonym: نَبَق (nabaq)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 56:28-29:
  فِي سِدْرٍ مَّخْضُودٍ وَطَلْحٍ مَّنْضُودٍ
  fī sidrin mmaḵḍūdin waṭalḥin mmanḍūdin
  [They will be] among buckthorn trees with thorns removed and vachellia trees layered [with fruit]

Declension edit

Declension of noun سِدْر (sidr)

Collective	basic collective triptote
Collective	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِدْر sidr	السِّدْر as-sidr	سِدْر sidr
Nominative	سِدْرٌ sidrun	السِّدْرُ as-sidru	سِدْرُ sidru
Accusative	سِدْرًا sidran	السِّدْرَ as-sidra	سِدْرَ sidra
Genitive	سِدْرٍ sidrin	السِّدْرِ as-sidri	سِدْرِ sidri
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
Singulative	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِدْرَة sidra	السِّدْرَة as-sidra	سِدْرَة sidrat
Nominative	سِدْرَةٌ sidratun	السِّدْرَةُ as-sidratu	سِدْرَةُ sidratu
Accusative	سِدْرَةً sidratan	السِّدْرَةَ as-sidrata	سِدْرَةَ sidrata
Genitive	سِدْرَةٍ sidratin	السِّدْرَةِ as-sidrati	سِدْرَةِ sidrati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِدْرَتَيْن sidratayn	السِّدْرَتَيْن as-sidratayn	سِدْرَتَيْ sidratay
Nominative	سِدْرَتَانِ sidratāni	السِّدْرَتَانِ as-sidratāni	سِدْرَتَا sidratā
Accusative	سِدْرَتَيْنِ sidratayni	السِّدْرَتَيْنِ as-sidratayni	سِدْرَتَيْ sidratay
Genitive	سِدْرَتَيْنِ sidratayni	السِّدْرَتَيْنِ as-sidratayni	سِدْرَتَيْ sidratay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
Paucal (3-10)	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِدَرَات sidarāt	السِّدَرَات as-sidarāt	سِدَرَات sidarāt
Nominative	سِدَرَاتٌ sidarātun	السِّدَرَاتُ as-sidarātu	سِدَرَاتُ sidarātu
Accusative	سِدَرَاتٍ sidarātin	السِّدَرَاتِ as-sidarāti	سِدَرَاتِ sidarāti
Genitive	سِدَرَاتٍ sidarātin	السِّدَرَاتِ as-sidarāti	سِدَرَاتِ sidarāti
Plural of variety	basic broken plural triptote
Plural of variety	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سُدُور‎; سِدَر sudūr‎; sidar	السُّدُور‎; السِّدَر as-sudūr‎; as-sidar	سُدُور‎; سِدَر sudūr‎; sidar
Nominative	سُدُورٌ‎; سِدَرٌ sudūrun‎; sidarun	السُّدُورُ‎; السِّدَرُ as-sudūru‎; as-sidaru	سُدُورُ‎; سِدَرُ sudūru‎; sidaru
Accusative	سُدُورًا‎; سِدَرًا sudūran‎; sidaran	السُّدُورَ‎; السِّدَرَ as-sudūra‎; as-sidara	سُدُورَ‎; سِدَرَ sudūra‎; sidara
Genitive	سُدُورٍ‎; سِدَرٍ sudūrin‎; sidarin	السُّدُورِ‎; السِّدَرِ as-sudūri‎; as-sidari	سُدُورِ‎; سِدَرِ sudūri‎; sidari

Descendants edit

→ Classical Azerbaijani: sidrə
→ Persian: سدر (sedr)
→ Ottoman Turkish: سدره (sidre), سدر (sidr)
- Turkish: sidre

References edit

Freytag, Georg (1833) “سدر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 299
Löw, Immanuel (1934) Die Flora der Juden‎^[2] (in German), volume 4, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 67
Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “سدر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[3] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 561