سوف
Arabic
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Aramaic סוֹף / ܣܘܦ (sōp̄, “limit, end”),[1] which was used in various adverbial uses such as “after”, “in the end”. Compare the same word pervading the Hebrew language as סוֹף (sōp̄, “end”) in later usage, and Hebrew טֶרֶם (térem, “before; not yet”) cognate to طَرْمَة (ṭarma, “upper lip; edge, protrusion”).
From the Arabic particle, it was natural to form a form II verb “to put off in the future”, said of someone who commits to do something (سَوْفَ أَفْعَلُ (sawfa ʔafʕalu, “I will do”), and less well-known form I سَافَ (sāfa) meaning “to endure” and “to smell” as sensory anticipation, whence ”to hunt”, and form III سَاوِفَ (sāwifa, “to smell; to say in private; to compress, to go in unto”), and notably مَسَافَة (masāfa, “distance, interval”).
Particle
editسَوْفَ • (sawfa)
- added to an imperfect (present) verb form to express future tense: will
- يَقْرَأُ كِتَابًا، سَوْفَ يَقْرَأُ كِتَابًا
- yaqraʔu kitāban, sawfa yaqraʔu kitāban
- He is reading a book, he will read a book.
Synonyms
edit- سَـ (sa-)
Antonyms
edit- لَنْ (lan)
Verb
editسَوَّفَ • (sawwafa) II (non-past يُسَوِّفُ (yusawwifu), verbal noun تَسْوِيف (taswīf))
- to postpone, delay, procrastinate, to put off a person or thing
- (obsolete) to commission to, to charge
Conjugation
editverbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
تَسْوِيف taswīf | |||||||||||
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active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مُسَوِّف musawwif | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مُسَوَّف musawwaf | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | سَوَّفْتُ sawwaftu |
سَوَّفْتَ sawwafta |
سَوَّفَ sawwafa |
سَوَّفْتُمَا sawwaftumā |
سَوَّفَا sawwafā |
سَوَّفْنَا sawwafnā |
سَوَّفْتُمْ sawwaftum |
سَوَّفُوا sawwafū | |||
f | سَوَّفْتِ sawwafti |
سَوَّفَتْ sawwafat |
سَوَّفَتَا sawwafatā |
سَوَّفْتُنَّ sawwaftunna |
سَوَّفْنَ sawwafna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُسَوِّفُ ʔusawwifu |
تُسَوِّفُ tusawwifu |
يُسَوِّفُ yusawwifu |
تُسَوِّفَانِ tusawwifāni |
يُسَوِّفَانِ yusawwifāni |
نُسَوِّفُ nusawwifu |
تُسَوِّفُونَ tusawwifūna |
يُسَوِّفُونَ yusawwifūna | |||
f | تُسَوِّفِينَ tusawwifīna |
تُسَوِّفُ tusawwifu |
تُسَوِّفَانِ tusawwifāni |
تُسَوِّفْنَ tusawwifna |
يُسَوِّفْنَ yusawwifna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُسَوِّفَ ʔusawwifa |
تُسَوِّفَ tusawwifa |
يُسَوِّفَ yusawwifa |
تُسَوِّفَا tusawwifā |
يُسَوِّفَا yusawwifā |
نُسَوِّفَ nusawwifa |
تُسَوِّفُوا tusawwifū |
يُسَوِّفُوا yusawwifū | |||
f | تُسَوِّفِي tusawwifī |
تُسَوِّفَ tusawwifa |
تُسَوِّفَا tusawwifā |
تُسَوِّفْنَ tusawwifna |
يُسَوِّفْنَ yusawwifna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُسَوِّفْ ʔusawwif |
تُسَوِّفْ tusawwif |
يُسَوِّفْ yusawwif |
تُسَوِّفَا tusawwifā |
يُسَوِّفَا yusawwifā |
نُسَوِّفْ nusawwif |
تُسَوِّفُوا tusawwifū |
يُسَوِّفُوا yusawwifū | |||
f | تُسَوِّفِي tusawwifī |
تُسَوِّفْ tusawwif |
تُسَوِّفَا tusawwifā |
تُسَوِّفْنَ tusawwifna |
يُسَوِّفْنَ yusawwifna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | سَوِّفْ sawwif |
سَوِّفَا sawwifā |
سَوِّفُوا sawwifū |
||||||||
f | سَوِّفِي sawwifī |
سَوِّفْنَ sawwifna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | سُوِّفْتُ suwwiftu |
سُوِّفْتَ suwwifta |
سُوِّفَ suwwifa |
سُوِّفْتُمَا suwwiftumā |
سُوِّفَا suwwifā |
سُوِّفْنَا suwwifnā |
سُوِّفْتُمْ suwwiftum |
سُوِّفُوا suwwifū | |||
f | سُوِّفْتِ suwwifti |
سُوِّفَتْ suwwifat |
سُوِّفَتَا suwwifatā |
سُوِّفْتُنَّ suwwiftunna |
سُوِّفْنَ suwwifna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُسَوَّفُ ʔusawwafu |
تُسَوَّفُ tusawwafu |
يُسَوَّفُ yusawwafu |
تُسَوَّفَانِ tusawwafāni |
يُسَوَّفَانِ yusawwafāni |
نُسَوَّفُ nusawwafu |
تُسَوَّفُونَ tusawwafūna |
يُسَوَّفُونَ yusawwafūna | |||
f | تُسَوَّفِينَ tusawwafīna |
تُسَوَّفُ tusawwafu |
تُسَوَّفَانِ tusawwafāni |
تُسَوَّفْنَ tusawwafna |
يُسَوَّفْنَ yusawwafna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُسَوَّفَ ʔusawwafa |
تُسَوَّفَ tusawwafa |
يُسَوَّفَ yusawwafa |
تُسَوَّفَا tusawwafā |
يُسَوَّفَا yusawwafā |
نُسَوَّفَ nusawwafa |
تُسَوَّفُوا tusawwafū |
يُسَوَّفُوا yusawwafū | |||
f | تُسَوَّفِي tusawwafī |
تُسَوَّفَ tusawwafa |
تُسَوَّفَا tusawwafā |
تُسَوَّفْنَ tusawwafna |
يُسَوَّفْنَ yusawwafna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُسَوَّفْ ʔusawwaf |
تُسَوَّفْ tusawwaf |
يُسَوَّفْ yusawwaf |
تُسَوَّفَا tusawwafā |
يُسَوَّفَا yusawwafā |
نُسَوَّفْ nusawwaf |
تُسَوَّفُوا tusawwafū |
يُسَوَّفُوا yusawwafū | |||
f | تُسَوَّفِي tusawwafī |
تُسَوَّفْ tusawwaf |
تُسَوَّفَا tusawwafā |
تُسَوَّفْنَ tusawwafna |
يُسَوَّفْنَ yusawwafna |
References
edit- ^ Haupt, Paul (1917) “Syriac sífṯâ, lip, and sáu̮pâ, end”, in Journal of the Society of Oriental Research[1], volume 1, page 92