چندان

Malay

Noun

چندان (plural چندان-چندان or چندان۲, informal 1st possessive چندانکو, 2nd possessive چندانمو, 3rd possessive چندانڽ)

1. Jawi spelling of cendana

Persian

Etymology

چند (čand) +‎ آن (ân). Compare چندین (čandin).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃan.ˈdɑːn]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰän̪.d̪ɑ́ːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰän̪.d̪ɑ́ːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰän̪.d̪ɑ́ːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰän̪.d̪ɔ́ːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰæn̪.d̪ɒ́ːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰän̪.d̪ɔ́n]

Readings
Classical reading?	čandān
Dari reading?	čandān
Iranian reading?	čandân
Tajik reading?	čandon

Adverb

چَندان • (čandân)

1. so, so much; that (to such a degree)

   چندان بد نیست. ― čandân bad nist. ― It's not that bad.

   مردمی که در جنوب کشور زندگی می‌کنند، همچنان ثروتمند هستند ولی نه چندان.

   mardomi ke dar jonub-e kešvar zendegi mi-konand, hamčenân servatmand hastand vali na čandân.

   The people who live in the south of the country are also rich, but not as much.

   خیلی منتظرش بودم، اما هتل چندان خوبی نبود.

   xeyli montazer-eš budam, ammâ hotel čandân xubi na-bud.

   I was very much looking forward to it, but the hotel was not that good.

   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume IV, verse 790:

     مثنوی چندان شود که چل شتر
     گر کشد عاجز شود از بار پر

     masnawī čandān šawad ki čil šutur
     gar kašad ājiz šawad az bār-i pur

     The Mathnawi will become of such extent that, if forty camels carry it, they will be unable to bear the full load.

2. (after a numeral) as many; -fold
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 127:

     تا زمین و آسمان خندان شود
     عقل و روح و دیده صد چندان شود

     tā zamīn u āsmān xandān šawad
     aql u rūh u dīda sad čandān šawad

     […] that earth and heaven may laugh [with joy], that intellect and spirit and eye may increase a hundredfold.

Usage notes

• In negatives, چندان must be used instead of خیلی (xeyli, “very”). Hence "not very much" in response to a question is نه چندان (na čandân), not *na xeyli.

Determiner

چَندان • (čandân)

1. so much, so many
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 3184:

     این کسی دیدست کز یک راویه
     سرد گردد سوز چندان هاویه

     īn kasē dīda-st k-az yak rāwīya
     sard gardad sōz-i čandān hāwiya

     Has any one seen [such a wonder as] this, that the burning glow of so many Hells should be cooled by a single water-skin?

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: çəndan