as
Translingual edit
Symbol edit
as
- (metrology) Symbol for attosecond, an SI unit of time equal to 10−18 seconds.
- (metrology) arcsecond
- (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Assamese.
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English as, als(a), alswa, from Old English eallswā (“just so; as”), thus representing a reduced form of also. Compare German Low German as, German als, Dutch als.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
as (not comparable)
- To such an extent or degree; to the same extent or degree.
- You’re not as tall as I am.
- It's not as well made, but it's twice as expensive.
- 1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter IV, in Zollenstein, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:
- “My Continental prominence is improving,” I commented dryly.
Von Lindowe cut at a furze bush with his silver-mounted rattan.
“Quite so,” he said as dryly, his hand at his mustache. “I may say if your intentions were known your life would not be worth a curse.”
- 1922, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest[2]:
- She was like a Beardsley Salome, he had said. And indeed she had the narrow eyes and the high cheekbone of that creature, and as nearly the sinuosity as is compatible with human symmetry. His wooing had been brief but incisive.
- Considered to be, in relation to something else; in the relation (specified).
- 1865, The Act of Suicide as Distinct from the Crime of Self-Murder: A Sermon:
- 1937, Tobias Matthay, On Colouring as Distinct from Tone-inflection: A Lecture, London: Oxford University Press:
- (dated) For example; for instance. (Compare such as.)
- 1820, John Strype, The Life of the Learned Sir Thomas Smith, page 48:
- Likewise many other indulgences were by virtue hereof granted; as, to have a portatile altar, to receive the Sacrament privately; […]
- 1913, “Aboriginal”, in Webster's Unabridged Dictionary:
- First; original; indigenous; primitive; native; as, the aboriginal tribes of America.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
Conjunction edit
as
- In the (same) way or manner that; to the (same) degree that.
- Do as I say!
- I'm under a lot of pressure, as you know.
- As you wish, my lord!
- The kidnappers released him as agreed.
- 2001, Jason Manning, Mountain Honor, Signet Book, →ISBN:
- "But he's good as dead, and I ain't about to waste a bullet."
- Used after so or as to introduce a comparison.
- She's twice as strong as I was two years ago.
- It's not so complicated as I expected.
- Used to introduce a result: with the result that it is.
- 1868, Proceedings and Debates of the [New York] Constitutional Convention Held in 1867 and 1868 in the City of Albany, page 2853:
- [...] that the Board of Regents had fallen into disrepute; that intelligent men inquired what the board was; he said that it was a quiet body, and kept out of the newspapers — and so quiet as to lead many to suppose tho board had ceased to exist.
- 2006, Eric Manasse, The Twenty-First Man, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 7:
- It was a talent he had developed; he could actually be so quiet as to be practically invisible. In class, he was rarely called upon to answer any questions. In the crowded hallways, he could slip in and out without offending any of the local bullies ...
- 2011, Herwig C. H. Hofmann, Gerard C. Rowe, Alexander H. Türk, Administrative Law and Policy of the European Union, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 507:
- Under most circumstances, it will be possible to draw a distinction sufficiently clear as to allow an unambiguous allocation to one or other category.
- Expressing concession: though.
- 1843 (first published), Thomas Babington Macaulay, Essays
- We wish, however, to avail ourselves of the interest, transient as it may be, which this work has excited.
- 2009, Matthew Friedman, Laurie B. Slone, J Friedman, After the War Zone, →ISBN:
- If this happens, be patient and, difficult as it may be, try not to take these reactions personally.
- 1843 (first published), Thomas Babington Macaulay, Essays
- At the time that; during the time when:
- Being that, considering that, because, since.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:because
- As it’s too late, I quit.
- (dated) Introducing a comparison with a hypothetical state (+ subjunctive, or with the verb elided): as though, as if. [to 19th century]
- 1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, (please specify the page number):
- I start as from some dreadful dream.
- 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Acts ij:
- And sodenly there cam a sounde from heven as it had bene the commynge off a myghty wynde […]
- 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:
- Oft haue I ſeene the haughty Cardinall,
More like a Souldier then a man o' th' Church,
As ſtout and proud as he were Lord of all […]
- 1990, Andrew Fetler, “The third count”, in Triquarterly, number Spring:
- I feel securely fixed on the careering chair, and with the momentum gained I steer myself as on skis to the guard and come to a stop with a happy little flourish.
- 1992/1993 Winter, Katherine Weissman, “The Divorce Gang”, in Ploughshares, volume 18, number 4, page 202:
- They think they are romantic, tragic figures, exiled as on Elba. They picture themselves as enlightened barons bringing civilization, opportunity, and kindness to the brown-skinned.
- 2011 January 30, Kyle Wagner, “E-readers lighten a traveler's load But choosing the right unit means weighing features, cost, ease of use”, in Denver Post, page Travel 1:
- Newspapers and magazines would load their graphics, and you could doodle as on the Sony Reader Daily Edition.
- (law) used before a preposition to clarify that the prepositional phrase restricts the meaning of the sentence; specifically.
- The case is dismissed as between Jones and Smith.(makes explicit that the case is continued between other parties to the litigation)
- The case is dismissed as against Smith.(makes explicit that it is continued against some other defendant)
- Functioning as a relative conjunction, and sometimes like a relative pronoun: that, which, who. (See usage notes.) [from 14th c.]
- He had the same problem as she did getting the lock open.
- c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
- Now will he sit under a medlar tree,
And wish his mistress were that kind of fruit,
As maids call medlars, when they laugh alone.
- 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 5, member 1, subsection v:
- the temper is to be altered and amended, with such things as fortify and strengthen the heart and brain […]
- 1854, Charles Dickens, “Book I, Chapter II”, in Hard Times. For These Times, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], →OCLC:
- ‘Sissy is not a name,’ said Mr. Gradgrind. ‘Don’t call yourself Sissy. Call yourself Cecilia.’
‘It’s father as calls me Sissy, sir,’ returned the young girl in a trembling voice, and with another curtsey.
- 2016, Alan Moore, Jerusalem, Liveright, published 2016, page 99:
- “If I had, if I could hold me head up with the better folk, perhaps I'd think again, but I don't reckon as that's very likely now.”
- (rare, now England, Midland US and Southern US, possibly obsolete) Than.
- 1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC:
- The king was not more forward to bestow favours on them as they free to deal affronts to others their superiors.
- 1660, James Howell, Parly of Beasts, page 48:
- Darkness itself is no more opposite to light as their actions were diametricall to their words.
Usage notes edit
- Use of as as a relative conjunction meaning "that" dates to late Middle English and was formerly common in standard English, but is now only standard in constructions like "the same issue as she had" or "the identical issue as the appellant raised before"; otherwise, it is informal,[1] found in the dialects of the Midland, Southern, Midwestern and Western US; and of Lancashire, Cheshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Derbyshire, Lincolnshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire, Warwickshire, Northamptonshire, Huntingdonshire, East Anglia, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire, Berkshire, Bedfordshire, Essex, Somerset, Dorset, Wiltshire, Surrey, and Cornwall; sometimes in Durham, Westmorland, Yorkshire and Somerset; only rarely in Northumberland and Scotland; and only in certain set phrases in Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire and Devon.[2]
Alternative forms edit
- -'s (contracted form)
Synonyms edit
- (expressing concession): albeit, although; see also Thesaurus:even though
- (at the same time that): while, whilst; see also Thesaurus:while
- (being that): given that, seeing that; see also Thesaurus:because
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
Preposition edit
as
- Introducing a basis of comparison, with an object in the objective case.
- You are not as tall as my sister.
- They are big as houses.
- 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0016:
- A great bargain also had been the excellent Axminster carpet which covered the floor; as, again, the arm-chair in which Bunting now sat forward, staring into the dull, small fire.
- 1922, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest[3]:
- She was like a Beardsley Salome, he had said. And indeed she had the narrow eyes and the high cheekbone of that creature, and as nearly the sinuosity as is compatible with human symmetry.
- In the role of.
- What is your opinion as a parent?
- He was never seen as the boss, but rather as a friend.
- 2000, Tom Pendergast, Sara Pendergast, St. James encyclopedia of popular culture, volume 2, page 223:
- Directed by Howard Hawks, Gentlemen Prefer Blondes starred Marilyn Monroe as Lorelei and Jane Russell as Dorothy.
- 2013 July-August, Catherine Clabby, “Focus on Everything”, in American Scientist:
- Not long ago, it was difficult to produce photographs of tiny creatures with every part in focus. […] A photo processing technique called focus stacking has changed that. Developed as a tool to electronically combine the sharpest bits of multiple digital images, focus stacking is a boon to biologists seeking full focus on a micron scale.
- by way of
- I bought you a new toy as a special treat.
Usage notes edit
In traditional standard English as (like than) is a conjunction, not a preposition. The use of pronominal case forms (subject vs. object) therefore depends on the syntactical context. Compare:
- She loves you just as much as I [do].
- She loves you just as much as [she loves] me.
In modern every day English, this difference may be lost and the use of bare subject forms (I, he, she, we, they) after as may seem pedantic. Only the object forms are used on their own.
- You are not as tall as I. (formal/dated short form)
- You are not as tall as me. (informal short form)
- You are not as tall as I am. (full form)
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Latin as. Doublet of ace.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- (unit of weight) A libra.
- (numismatics) Any of several coins of Rome, coined in bronze or later copper; or the equivalent value.
Translations edit
Further reading edit
- As (Roman coin) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
as
Etymology 4 edit
Shortening of as hell or as fuck or similar.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
as
- (New Zealand, slang) Used to intensify an adjective; very much; extremely
- 2021 May 17, “Language Matters: Sweet as is Kiwi as”, in Stuff[4]:
- It also appears in other positions in the sentence: his big as car could hardly fit.
It's pretty scratched, and dented as.
Etymology 5 edit
as
- (stenoscript) Abbreviation of associate and related forms of that word (associated, associating, association, etc.)
References edit
- ^ “as”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
- ^ Wright, Joseph (1898–1905) The English Dialect Dictionary, Oxford: Oxford University Press
- “as”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
- “as”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
Anagrams edit
Achumawi edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
as
References edit
- Bruce E. Nevin, Aspects of Pit River phonology (1998) (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Linguistics)
Afrikaans edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Dutch as, from Proto-Germanic *askǭ.
Noun edit
as (plural asse, diminutive assie)
Etymology 2 edit
From Dutch as, from Proto-Germanic *ahsō.
Noun edit
as (plural asse, diminutive assie)
Etymology 3 edit
Conjunction edit
as
Preposition edit
as
Albanian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Indo-European *(ne) h₂óyu kʷíd (“(not) ever, (not) on your life”).[1] compare Ancient Greek οὐ (ou) and Armenian ոչ (očʻ) -ës
Adverb edit
as
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ Hyllested, A., & Joseph, B. (2022). Albanian. In T. Olander (Ed.), The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective (pp. 223-245). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108758666.013
Aragonese edit
Etymology edit
Article edit
as pl
- the
- As mesachas de Zaragoza ― The girls from Saragossa
Usage notes edit
The form las, either pronounced as las or as ras, can be found after words ending with -a.
Catalan edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Latin as (“basic Roman unit of money”).
Noun edit
as m (plural asos)
- (games) an ace (the side of a die with a single pip)
- (card games) an ace (a card with a single pip, usually of highest rank in a suit)
- (figuratively, sports) an ace (an expert)
- (historical, metrology) an as or a libra (Roman unit of weight)
- (historical, numismatics) an as (Roman unit of money)
Derived terms edit
- as de guia (“bowline knot”)
- sempre un sis o un as (“a handicap or a problem”)
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Norse áss, singular of æsir (“the Norse gods”).
Noun edit
as m (plural asos)
Etymology 3 edit
Contraction edit
as
Synonyms edit
- al (“contraction of a and el”)
Etymology 4 edit
Noun edit
as
Cimbrian edit
Etymology edit
Compare German als, English as. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Conjunction edit
as
- (Sette Comuni) if
- As ze alle khödent azò misses zèinan baar.
- If everyone says it it must be true.
References edit
- “as” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Danish edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
as c (singular definite asen, plural indefinite aser)
- one of the Æsir
Inflection edit
Noun edit
as n (singular definite asset, plural indefinite asser)
- A-flat (A♭)
Inflection edit
Verb edit
as
- imperative of ase
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Dutch asche, from Old Dutch *aska, from Proto-West Germanic *askā, from Proto-Germanic *askǭ.
Cognate with Low German Asch, German Asche, English ash, West Frisian jiske, Danish aske, Swedish aska.
Noun edit
as f (plural assen, diminutive asje n)
Alternative forms edit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Afrikaans: as
- Berbice Creole Dutch: asi
- Negerhollands: haschěsis, hassesje, assche, ašiši, hašiši, haši, babaši, aschies, assisje, az
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle Dutch asse, from Old Dutch *assa, from Proto-Germanic *ahsō.
Noun edit
as f (plural assen, diminutive asje n)
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 3 edit
Conjunction edit
as
Preposition edit
as
Fala edit
Etymology edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese as, from Latin illās.
Article edit
as f pl (singular a, masculine u or o, masculine plural us or os)
- Feminine plural definite article; the
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 2: Númerus?:
- As lenguas, idiomas, dialectus o falas tenin un-as funciós mui claras desde o principiu dos siglu i si hai contabilizaus en o mundu un-as 8.000 lenguas, ca un-a con sua importancia numérica relativa, a nossa fala é un tesoiru mais entre elas.
- The tongues, languages or regional variants have some very clear functions since the beginning of the centuries and some 8,000 languages have been accounted for in the world, each with its relative numerical importance, our Fala is another treasure among them.
Pronoun edit
as
- Third person plural feminine accusative pronoun; them
See also edit
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | ei | me, -mi | mi | ||
plural | common | nos | musL nusLV nos, -nusM |
nos | ||
masculine | noshotrusM | noshotrusM | ||||
feminine | noshotrasM | noshotrasM | ||||
second person | singular | tú | te, -ti | ti | ||
plural | common | vos | vusLV vos, -vusM |
vos | ||
masculine | voshotrusM | voshotrusM | ||||
feminine | voshotrasM | voshotrasM | ||||
third person | singular | masculine | el | le, -li | uLV, oM | el |
feminine | ela | a | ela | |||
plural | masculine | elis | usLV, osM | elis | ||
feminine | elas | as | elas | |||
reflexive | — | se, -si | sí |
References edit
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
From German As (German key notation).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
as
Usage notes edit
Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.
Declension edit
Inflection of as (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | as | asit | ||
genitive | asin | asien | ||
partitive | asia | aseja | ||
illative | asiin | aseihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | as | asit | ||
accusative | nom. | as | asit | |
gen. | asin | |||
genitive | asin | asien | ||
partitive | asia | aseja | ||
inessive | asissa | aseissa | ||
elative | asista | aseista | ||
illative | asiin | aseihin | ||
adessive | asilla | aseilla | ||
ablative | asilta | aseilta | ||
allative | asille | aseille | ||
essive | asina | aseina | ||
translative | asiksi | aseiksi | ||
abessive | asitta | aseitta | ||
instructive | — | asein | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms edit
Anagrams edit
French edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
as m (plural as)
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
See also edit
Playing cards in French · cartes à jouer (layout · text) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
as | deux | trois | quatre | cinq | six | sept |
huit | neuf | dix | valet | dame | roi | joker |
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Old French as, from Vulgar Latin *as, from Latin habēs.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
as
- second-person singular present indicative of avoir
- Tu as un chien.
- You have a dog.
Further reading edit
- “as”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams edit
Friulian edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
as m
Galician edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese as, from Latin illās, accusative feminine plural of ille (“that”).
Pronunciation edit
Article edit
as f pl (feminine singular a, masculine singular o, masculine plural os)
- (definite) the
Usage notes edit
The definite article o (in all its forms) regularly forms contractions when it follows the prepositions a (“to”), con (“with”), de (“of, from”), and en (“in”). For example, con as ("with the") contracts to coas, and en as ("in the") contracts to nas.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronoun edit
as
- accusative of elas
Icelandic edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
as n
Indonesian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Dutch as (“axis, axle”), from Middle Dutch asse, from Old Dutch *assa, from Proto-Germanic *ahsō.
- The sense of propeller shaft is a semantic loan from Javanese [Term?].
Noun edit
as (first-person possessive asku, second-person possessive asmu, third-person possessive asnya)
Etymology 2 edit
From Dutch aas (“ace”), earlier ase, from Middle Dutch aes, from Old French as, from Latin as.
- Semantic loan from English ace for meaning other than card with a single spot.
Noun edit
as (first-person possessive asku, second-person possessive asmu, third-person possessive asnya)
- ace:
- card with a single spot.
- (tennis) point scored without the opponent hitting the ball.
- (golf) a hole in one.
Further reading edit
- “as” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Ingrian edit
→○ | illative | asse |
---|---|---|
○ | inessive | as |
○→ | elative | ast |
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈɑsːɑ/, [ˈɑs̠ː]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈɑs/, [ˈɑʒ̥]
- (Hevaha) IPA(key): /ˈɑs/, [ˈɑʒ̥]
- Rhymes: -ɑsː, -ɑs
- Hyphenation: as
Postposition edit
as (+ illative or allative)
- (of time) up to, until
- (of distance or motion) all the way to
as (+ elative or ablative)
- (of time) ever since
- (of distance or motion) all the way from
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 22
Irish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Irish ass (“out of it”), the third-person singular inflected form of a (“out of”) (compare Scottish Gaelic à), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs (compare Latin ex).
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
as (plus dative, triggers no mutation)
- out of
- Tóg leabhar aníos as an mála.
- Take a book out of the bag.
- Tá Cathal ag déanamh bríste as an éadach.
- Cathal is making trousers out of the cloth.
- Bíonn Máire á dhéanamh as fearg.
- Máire does it out of anger
- from (a place)
- Beidh Pádraig ag teacht as Meiriceá amárach.
- Pádraig will be coming from America tomorrow.
- Is as an nGearmáin í.
- She is from Germany.
- Bhí torann as an seomra leapa.
- There was a noise from the bedroom.
- Bhí cor as na toim.
- There was a movement from the bushes.
- off
- Tá boladh as an madra sin.
- That dog smells (lit. There is a smell off that dog).
Inflection edit
Derived terms edit
See also Category:Irish phrasal verbs with particle (as)
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
as (emphatic as-san)
- third-person masculine singular of as (from, off, out of)
- Ní fhuair tú freagra as.
- You didn’t get an answer from him.
Derived terms edit
- as féin (“alone”)
Adverb edit
as
- off (in or into a state of non-operation or non-existence: of a machine, light, etc.)
- Cas as an raidió.
- Turn off the radio.
- Chuir mé an solas as.
- I switched the light off.
- out (in or into a state of non-operation or non-existence: of a fire, etc.)
- Tá an tine as.
- The fire is out.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Old Irish as (“shoe, slipper”)
Noun edit
as m (genitive singular asa, nominative plural asa)
Declension edit
Etymology 4 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
as m (genitive singular asa)
Declension edit
Bare forms (no plural of this noun)
|
Forms with the definite article:
|
Mutation edit
Irish mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
as | n-as | has | t-as |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “as”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “7 a (‘out of’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “as (‘milk’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “as (‘shoe’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume I, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 195
- Sjoestedt, M. L. (1938) Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ancienne Honoré Champion, page 95
- Entries containing “as” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Latgalian edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
as
References edit
- Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 35
Latin edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Probably borrowed from Etruscan: compare lībra and nummus, also loanwords. Original meaning was 'a rectangular bronze plaque weighing a pound'.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /as/, [äs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /as/, [äs]
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈas.s/, [ˈäs̠ː] (before a vowel)
- Note: the word is singularly and unreliably attested in poetry,[1] but together with its derivatives usually measures long. It's more likely that it retained the geminate consonant before a vowel than that the vowel itself was lengthened. Most recent dictionaries give it as short, but EDL and certain other etymologists[2] as long; compare far.
Noun edit
as m (genitive assis); third declension
- as; a Roman coin originally made of bronze and weighing one pound, but later made of copper and reduced to two ounces, one ounce, and eventually half an ounce.
- pound as a unit of weight
- any undivided unit of measurement
- a circular flap or valve
- any circular object; a slice, disk (also of the moon)
Usage notes edit
It is especially significant as being the coin of least value in the Classical age; as such it was often used in poetry as representative of the idea of worthlessness—one example being in Vivamus atque amemus, where Catullus mentions "valuing opinions of old men at a single as". Two and a half asses equalled a single sesterce.
Declension edit
- The genitive plural is normally assium, but assum is found in Varro.
Third-declension noun (i-stem).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | as | assēs |
Genitive | assis | assium assum |
Dative | assī | assibus |
Accusative | assem | assēs assīs |
Ablative | asse | assibus |
Vocative | as | assēs |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Catalan: as
- Old French: as
- Middle French: as
- French: as (see there for further descendants)
- → Middle Dutch: aes
- → Middle English: as
- →? Italian: asso
- Middle French: as
- Portuguese: ás, asse
- Sicilian: asu
- Spanish: as
- → English: as
- → Polish: as
References edit
- “as” on page 196 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
- “as” in volume 2, column 744, in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ās”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)[6], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Further reading edit
- as in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- as in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- as in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- as in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- as in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- as in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
Manx edit
Etymology edit
From Old Irish ocus (“and", originally "proximity”), from Proto-Celtic *adgostus (“near”).
Conjunction edit
as
References edit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 ocus”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Middle English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Reduction of alswo, alswa, also, from Old English eallswā. The reduced form is more common in this sense from c. 1200.
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
as
Descendants edit
References edit
- “as, conj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Etymology 2 edit
From Old French as (“ace”), from Latin as, assis (“as (Roman coin)”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
as
- (dice games) ace (single spot on a die)
- (dice games) The lowest possible throw in dice.
- (figuratively, by extension) bad luck
Descendants edit
References edit
- “ās, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Movima edit
Verb edit
as
- to sit
Further reading edit
edit
Alternative forms edit
Interjection edit
as
- oh: expressing surprise
Norman edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
as m (plural as)
- (Jersey, card games) ace
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
as
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology edit
From asa (“to swell”) and asa (“to struggle”).
Noun edit
as n (definite singular aset, indefinite plural as, definite plural asa)
Verb edit
as
- imperative of asa
References edit
- “as” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Occitan edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
as
Old French edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
as oblique singular, m (oblique plural as, nominative singular as, nominative plural as)
Descendants edit
- Middle French: as
- French: as (see there for further descendants)
- → Middle Dutch: aes
- → Middle English: as
Etymology 2 edit
Contraction edit
as
- Alternative form of als ("to the")
Etymology 3 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
as
Old Irish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology 1 edit
Verb edit
as (triggers lenition in a direct relative clause and eclipsis in an indirect relative clause)
- third-person singular present indicative relative of is
Usage notes edit
Like modern Irish is, this form can be used with the comparative degree of an adjective to form a predicative construction where English would use an attributive construction:
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 10c21
- Ba torad sa⟨í⟩thir dúun in chrud so ce du·melmis cech túari et ce du·gnemmis a ndu·gníat ar céli, act ní bad nertad na mbráithre et frescsiu fochricce as móo.
- It would be a fruit of labor for us in this way if we consumed every food and if we did what our fellows do, but it would not be a strengthening of the brothers and a hope of a greater reward.
- (literally, “…of a reward that is greater”)
Etymology 2 edit
Pronoun edit
as
- third-person singular masculine of a (“out of”)
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
as n (genitive ais)
- milk
- c. 775, “Táin Bó Fraích”, in Book of Leinster; republished as Ernst Windisch, editor, Táin bó Fraích, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1974, line 164:
- dí laulgaich deec ó mmeltar ól n-aiss ó cech áe
- twelve milk-cows, so that drinks of milk are milked from each of them
Inflection edit
Neuter o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | asN | asN | asL, asa |
Vocative | asN | asN | asL, asa |
Accusative | asN | asN | asL, asa |
Genitive | aisL | as | asN |
Dative | asL | asaib | asaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Mutation edit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
as | unchanged | n-as |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading edit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 as”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Prussian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź-.
Pronoun edit
as
- I, the first-person singular pronoun
Inflection edit
Sg. | Pl. | |
---|---|---|
Nom. | as | mes |
Acc. | mien | mans |
Dat. | mennei, maim | noûmans, noûmas (nûmans, nûmas, naûmans) |
Gen. | maisei | nouson (nôson, nousan) |
Old Saxon edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *ansuz (“god, deity”).
Noun edit
ās m (declension unknown)
Pennsylvania German edit
Etymology edit
Compare German als, Dutch als, English as.
Conjunction edit
as
Pronoun edit
as
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
as m animal (diminutive asik)
- (card games) ace
- Synonym: (archaic) tuz
- (tennis) ace (a serve won without the opponent hitting the ball)
Declension edit
Noun edit
as m pers
- ace (someone skilled in a certain field)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
Portuguese edit
Etymology edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese as, from Latin illās (with an initial l having disappeared; compare Spanish las).
Pronunciation edit
- Homophones: ás (Brazil), às (Brazil), hás (Brazil), az (Brazil)
- Hyphenation: as
Article edit
as f pl
- feminine plural of o
- 2001, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e o Cálice de Fogo [Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire] (Harry Potter; 4), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 99:
- Todos olharam para trás ao alcançarem as árvores.
- Everyone looked behind when they reached the trees.
- 2007, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte [Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows] (Harry Potter; 7), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 211:
- Mandaram lacrar todas as saídas e não deixar ninguém...
- They ordered me to seal all the exits and not to let anyone...
Quotations edit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:o.
See also edit
Portuguese articles (edit) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | |
Definite articles (the) |
o | a | os | as |
Indefinite articles (a, an; some) |
um | uma | uns | umas |
Pronoun edit
as f pl
- (third person personal) them (as a direct object; the corresponding indirect object is lhes; the form used after prepositions is elas)
Usage notes edit
- as becomes -las after verb forms ending in -r, -s, or -z, the pronouns nos and vos, and the adverb eis; the ending letter causing the change disappears.
- Becomes -nas after a nasal diphthong: -ão, -am [ɐ̃w̃], -õe [õj̃], -em, -êm [ẽj̃].
- Detêm-nas como prisioneiros. ― They detain them as prisoners.
- In Brazil it is being abandoned in favor of the nominative form elas.
- Eu as vi. → Eu vi elas. = "I saw them.
Quotations edit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:as.
See also edit
Portuguese personal pronouns (edit) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Person | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct object) |
Dative (indirect object) |
Prepositional | Prepositional with com |
Non-declining | ||||||
m | f | m | f | m and f | m | f | m | f | m | f | |||
Singular | First | eu | me | mim | comigo | ||||||||
Second | tu | te | ti | contigo | você | ||||||||
o senhor | a senhora | ||||||||||||
Third | ele | ela | o (lo, no) |
a (la, na) |
lhe | ele | ela | com ele | com ela | o mesmo | a mesma | ||
se | si | consigo | |||||||||||
Plural | First | nós | nos | nós | connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil) |
a gente | |||||||
Second | vós | vos | vós | convosco, com vós | vocês | ||||||||
os senhores | as senhoras | ||||||||||||
Third | eles | elas | os (los, nos) |
as (las, nas) |
lhes | eles | elas | com eles | com elas | os mesmos | as mesmas | ||
se | si | consigo | |||||||||||
Indefinite | se | si | consigo |
Noun edit
as m
Romagnol edit
Etymology edit
From Latin asse(m) (“a penny”), accusative of Latin as (“a penny”).
Pronunciation edit
- (Ville Unite):
Noun edit
as m (plural ës)
Noun edit
as m (plural ës)
- axis
- L’as dla tëra.
- The axis of the Earth.
Pronoun edit
as
- same use as a+s, and it's the reflexive pronoun of 1st singular and plural persons and of 2nd person
- As fașén la ca.
- We build the house (to us).
References edit
- Masotti, Adelmo (1996) Vocabolario Romagnolo Italiano [Romagnol-Italian dictionary] (in Italian), Bologna: Zanichelli, page 40
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
From French as or Italian asso.
Noun edit
as m (plural ași)
Declension edit
Saterland Frisian edit
Etymology edit
From Old Frisian as, ase, asa, als, alse, alsa, equivalent to al + so. More at as.
Adverb edit
as
- as
Conjunction edit
as
- as
Scottish Gaelic edit
Particle edit
as
- Creates the superlative when preceding the comparative form of an adjective or an adverb.
- glic (“wise”) → as glice (“wisest”)
- mòr (“big”) → as motha (“biggest”)
Usage notes edit
- Only used in the present and future tenses. In the past tense and the conditional mood, a bu and a b' are used.
- Lenites initial f if followed by a vowel:
- fuar → as fhuaire
Related terms edit
Semai edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Semai *ʔɑs, from Proto-Aslian [Term?], from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ʔas ~ *ʔəs (“to swell”). Cognate with Koho as, Khasi at, Pacoh ayh, Riang ʔas¹.
Adjective edit
as [1]
References edit
- ^ Basrim bin Ngah Aching (2008) Kamus Engròq Semay – Engròq Malaysia, Kamus Bahasa Semai – Bahasa Malaysia, Bangi: Institut Alam dan Tamadun Melayu, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from German As, from Latin as (“as, copper coin”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ȁs m (Cyrillic spelling а̏с)
- (card games, sports) ace
Declension edit
See also edit
Playing cards in Serbo-Croatian · igraće karte (layout · text) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
as, kec | dvojka, dvica | trojka, trica | četvorka, četvrtica | petica | šestica | sedmica |
osmica | devetka, devetica | desetka, desetica | dečko, pub, žandar, fant | kraljica, dama | kralj | džoker |
Slovene edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ȃs m anim
- (card games) An ace; in a game of cards.
- An ace; somebody very proficient at an activity.
Inflection edit
Masculine anim., hard o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | ás | ||
gen. sing. | ása | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
ás | ása | ási |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
ása | ásov | ásov |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
ásu | ásoma | ásom |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
ása | ása | áse |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
ásu | ásih | ásih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
ásom | ásoma | ási |
See also edit
Playing cards in Slovene · igralne karte (layout · text) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
as, enka | dvojka | trojka | štirka, štirica | petka, petica | šestka, šestica | sedemka, sedmica |
osmica | devetka, devetica | desetka, desetica | fant | kraljica, dama | kralj | joker |
Spanish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
as m (plural ases)
- (card games) an ace (in a game of cards)
- an ace, a hotshot (somebody very proficient at an activity)
- an as#Noun (a Roman coin)
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “as”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Sudovian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź-, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵ(h₂). Compare Lithuanian àš (archaic eš), Latvian es, Old Prussian as, es.[1][2]
Pronoun edit
aſ
- (first-person singular) I
- “Pagan dialects from Narew” line 1, (copied by V. Zinov, 1983):
References edit
- ^ Zigmas Zinkevičius (1985) “Lenkų-jotvingių žodynėlis? [A Polish-Yotvingian dictionary?]”, in Baltistica (in Lithuanian), volume 21, number 1, page 69: “aſ ‘aš, l. ja’ 1, 144.”
- ^ “àš” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–): “nar. aſ prn. ‘ich’”.
Swedish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Low German âs. Cf. German Aas, Dutch aas.
Noun edit
as n
- Carrion, carcass (of an animal killed by a predator).
- (colloquial, derogatory) an asshole (inconsiderate or otherwise contemptible person)
- Dra åt helvete ditt jävla as!
- Fuck you, you fucking asshole!
Declension edit
Declension of as | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | as | aset | as | asen |
Genitive | as | asets | as | asens |
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Icelandic ás. If inherited from Old Norse, it would have the form ås.
Noun edit
as c
Declension edit
Declension of as | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | as | asen | asar | asarna |
Genitive | as | asens | asars | asarnas |
References edit
- as in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- as in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- as in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Anagrams edit
Tarifit edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
as (Tifinagh spelling ⴰⵙ)
- (intransitive) to come
- (transitive) to receive, to be awarded
- (intransitive, construed with ak) to suit, to fit
- Fas wer d kiwem ttis
- Fes doesn't suit you.
Usage notes edit
The verb as is always used with the proximity particle d.
Conjugation edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms edit
Tok Pisin edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
as
Derived terms edit
Turkish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Ottoman Turkish آس (as), from Proto-Turkic *argun, *āŕ.
Noun edit
as (definite accusative ası, plural aslar)
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from French as. Note that in Ottoman Turkish until its end – though it be that playing cards had been introduced in Turkey by Europeans and French in particular – the card was called بك (bey). Apparently this usage switch is a function of the Law on the Abolishment of Nicknames and Titles from the 26th of November 1934 (Lâkap ve Unvanların Kaldırılması Hakkındaki Kanun).
Noun edit
as (definite accusative ası, plural aslar)
Coordinate terms edit
Playing cards in Turkish · iskambil (layout · text) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
as, birli | ikili | üçlü | dörtlü | beşli | altılı | yedili |
sekizli | dokuzlu | onlu | bacak, oğlan, vale, fanti, joker | kız | papaz | joker |
Etymology 3 edit
Verb edit
as
Volapük edit
Preposition edit
Wagi edit
Noun edit
as
Further reading edit
- J. Spencer, S. van Cott, B. MacKenzie, G. Muñoz, A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Wagi [fad] Language
Welsh edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
as f (plural asau)
See also edit
Playing cards in Welsh · cardiau chwarae (layout · text) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
as | dau | tri | pedwar | pump | chwech | saith |
wyth | naw | deg | jac / milwr | brenhines | brenin | jocer |
Mutation edit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
as | unchanged | unchanged | has |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “as”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
West Frisian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Frisian as, ase, asa, als, alse, alsa, equivalent to al + so. More at as.
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
as
- if, provided that
- as, like (used to form an equating phrase)
- Grut as in hûs. ― Big as a house.
- than
- Grutter as in hûs. ― Bigger than a house.
Further reading edit
- “as (II)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Frisian *ax, from Proto-Germanic *ahsō.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
as c (plural assen, diminutive aske)
Further reading edit
- “as (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
Wolof edit
Article edit
as
Usage notes edit
Precedes the noun.
Yola edit
Etymology 1 edit
Verb edit
as
- Alternative form of waas
- 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:
- Ich as greatly blin.
- I was greatly mistaken.
Etymology 2 edit
Adverb edit
as
- Alternative form of az
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 14, page 90:
- Shoo ya aam zim to doone, as w' be doone nowe;
- She gave them some to do, as we are doing now;
- 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 102:
- As ich waant draugh Bloomere's Knough,
- As I went through Bloomer's Knock,
- 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 102:
- Which maate mee hearth as coale as leed.
- Which made my heart as cold as lead.
References edit
- Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 26 & 90