چه

Ottoman Turkish edit

Etymology edit

From French Tchèque, from Czech Čech.

Proper noun edit

چه • (çeh)

Bohemia
Bohemian; Czech

Descendants edit

Turkish: Çek

References edit

Kélékian, Diran (1911) “چه”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[1], Constantinople: Mihran, page 482
Redhouse, James W. (1890) “چه”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[2], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 741

Persian edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle Persian 𐭰𐭩 (čē, “what; because”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷis.

Alternative forms edit

(či, chiefly colloquial)

Pronunciation edit

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃi]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰiː], [t͡ʃʰeː], [t͡ʃʰɪ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰɪ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰi]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰe]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰi]

Readings
Classical reading^?	či
Dari reading^?	čī, čē, či
Iranian reading^?	če
Tajik reading^?	či

Rhymes: -e

Pronoun edit


Dari	چه, چی
Iranian Persian	چی, چه
Tajik	чи

چه • (če) (plural چه‌ها)

(interrogative) what?
če dârid?
What do you have?

Determiner edit


Dari	چه, چی
Iranian Persian	چی, چه
Tajik	чи

چه • (če)

(before a definite noun) what sort of...
(before an indefinite noun) what...
če ketâbi peydâ kardi?
What book did you find?
(before an indefinite noun) what a... (exclamatory)
bah bah! če ketâbi!
Wow! What a book!

Adverb edit


Dari	چه, چی
Iranian Persian	چی, چه
Tajik	чи

چه • (če)

(before an adjective) how (exclamatory)
šahr-e esfahân če zibâ-st!
How beautiful the city of Isfahan is!

Conjunction edit

چه • (če)

(rare) because
Synonym: چون (čun)

Derived terms edit

چطور (četowr, “how”)
چه کسی (če kasi, “who”)
چقدر (čeqadr, “how much”)

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃa]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰä]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰä]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰä]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰe]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰä]

Readings
Classical reading^?	ča
Dari reading^?	ča
Iranian reading^?	če
Tajik reading^?	ča

Rhymes: -e

Suffix edit


Iranian Persian	ـچه
Dari	ـچه
Tajik	-ча

ـچه • (-če)

Suffix which forms the diminutive.

Derived terms edit

Persian terms suffixed with چه

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃah]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäʱ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰɑː]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰɔː]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰæʱ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäʱ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	čah
Dari reading^?	čah
Iranian reading^?	čah
Tajik reading^?	čah

Noun edit


Iranian Persian	چه
Dari	چه
Tajik	чаҳ

چه • (čah)

Alternative form of (čâh, “well”)

Southwestern Fars edit

Noun edit

چه (ča)

(Masarm, Deh Sarv, Kuzarg) well, hole