अश्रु

See also: अश्रि

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit अश्रु (áśru), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háśru, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćru, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱru-, from compound *dr̥ḱ-h₂eḱru- (“eye bitter”) (compare *dáḱru-). Cognate with Greek δάκρυ (dákry), Lithuanian ašara, Latvian asara, English tear.

Doublet of आँसू (ā̃sū), a tadbhava.

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /əʃ.ɾuː/, [ɐʃ.ɾuː]

Noun

अश्रु • (aśru) m (Urdu spelling اشر)

1. (poetic, uncommon) tear

Declension

Declension of अश्रु (masc u-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	अश्रु aśru	अश्रु aśru
oblique	अश्रु aśru	अश्रुओं aśruõ
vocative	अश्रु aśru	अश्रुओ aśruo

Related terms

• आँसू (ā̃sū)

Marathi

Etymology

From Sanskrit अश्रु (áśru). Doublet of आसू (āsū).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /əɕ.ɾu/, [əɕ.ɾuː]

Noun

अश्रु • (aśru) m

1. Alternative form of अश्रू (aśrū)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• অশ্ৰু (Assamese script)
• ᬅᬰ᭄ᬭᬸ (Balinese script)
• অশ্রু (Bengali script)
• 𑰀𑰫𑰿𑰨𑰲 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀅𑀰𑁆𑀭𑀼 (Brahmi script)
• အၐြု (Burmese script)
• અશ્રુ (Gujarati script)
• ਅਸ਼੍ਰੁ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌅𑌶𑍍𑌰𑍁 (Grantha script)
• ꦄꦯꦿꦸ (Javanese script)
• 𑂃𑂬𑂹𑂩𑂳 (Kaithi script)
• ಅಶ್ರು (Kannada script)
• អឝ្រុ (Khmer script)
• ອຨ຺ຣຸ (Lao script)
• അശ്രു (Malayalam script)
• ᠠᡧᡵᡠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘀𑘫𑘿𑘨𑘳 (Modi script)
• ᠠᠱᠷᠤ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦠𑧋𑧠𑧈𑧔 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐀𑐱𑑂𑐬𑐸 (Newa script)
• ଅଶ୍ରୁ (Odia script)
• ꢂꢯ꣄ꢬꢸ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆃𑆯𑇀𑆫𑆶 (Sharada script)
• 𑖀𑖫𑖿𑖨𑖲 (Siddham script)
• අශ්‍රු (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩿 𑪙𑩼𑩒 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚀𑚧𑚶𑚤𑚰 (Takri script)
• அஶ்ரு (Tamil script)
• అశ్రు (Telugu script)
• อศฺรุ (Thai script)
• ཨ་ཤྲུ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒁𑒬𑓂𑒩𑒳 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨮𑩇𑨫𑨃 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-

Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱru

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćru

Sanskrit अश्रु॑ (áśru)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háśru, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćru, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱru, from compound *dr̥ḱ-h₂eḱru- (“eye bitter”) (compare *dáḱru-). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬭𐬏- (asrū-), 𐬀𐬯𐬭𐬏𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬥 (asrūazan), Lithuanian ãšara, Ancient Greek δάκρυ (dákru), Hittite 𒅖𒄩𒀪𒊒 (isḫaḫru), Tocharian A ākär, Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌲𐍂 (tagr), Old Armenian արտաւսր (artawsr), Latin lacrima, and Old English tēar (whence English tear).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ́ɕ.ɾu/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɐɕ.ɾu/

Noun

अश्रु॑ • (áśru) stem, n

1. tear

   with मुच् (muc), कृ (kṛ) or वृत् (vṛt) — to shed tears, weep

   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.95.12b:

     क॒दा सू॒नुः पि॒तरं॑ जा॒त इ॑च्छाच्च॒क्रन्नाश्रु॑ वर्तयद्विजा॒नन ।
     को दम्प॑ती॒ सम॑नसा॒ वि यू॑यो॒दध॒ यद॒ग्निः श्वशु॑रेषु॒ दीद॑यत् ॥

     kadā́ sūnúḥ pitáraṃ jātá icchāccakránnā́śru vartayadvijānáná.
     kó dámpatī sámanasā ví yūyodádha yádagníḥ śváśureṣu dī́dayat.

     When will the son be born and seek his father? Mourner-like, will he weep when first he knows him?
     Who shall divide the accordant wife and husband, while fire is shining with thy consort's parents?

Declension

Neuter u-stem declension of अश्रु

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	अश्रु (áśru)	अश्रुणी (áśruṇī)	अश्रूणि (áśrūṇi) अश्रु¹ (áśru¹) अश्रू¹ (áśrū¹)
accusative	अश्रु (áśru)	अश्रुणी (áśruṇī)	अश्रूणि (áśrūṇi) अश्रु¹ (áśru¹) अश्रू¹ (áśrū¹)
instrumental	अश्रुणा (áśruṇā) अश्र्वा¹ (áśrvā¹)	अश्रुभ्याम् (áśrubhyām)	अश्रुभिः (áśrubhiḥ)
dative	अश्रुणे (áśruṇe) अश्रवे¹ (áśrave¹)	अश्रुभ्याम् (áśrubhyām)	अश्रुभ्यः (áśrubhyaḥ)
ablative	अश्रुणः (áśruṇaḥ) अश्रोः¹ (áśroḥ¹)	अश्रुभ्याम् (áśrubhyām)	अश्रुभ्यः (áśrubhyaḥ)
genitive	अश्रुणः (áśruṇaḥ) अश्रोः¹ (áśroḥ¹)	अश्रुणोः (áśruṇoḥ) अश्र्वोः¹ (áśrvoḥ¹)	अश्रूणाम् (áśrūṇām)
locative	अश्रुणि (áśruṇi) अश्रौ¹ (áśrau¹)	अश्रुणोः (áśruṇoḥ) अश्र्वोः¹ (áśrvoḥ¹)	अश्रुषु (áśruṣu)
vocative	अश्रु (áśru) अश्रो (áśro)	अश्रुणी (áśruṇī)	अश्रूणि (áśrūṇi) अश्रु¹ (áśru¹) अश्रू¹ (áśrū¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀲𑀼 (aṃsu), 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀼 (assu) — Śaurasenī (see there for further descendants)
• Prakrit: *𑀅𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼 (*acchu), *𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀼 (*ajjhu)
  • Central Indo-Aryan:
    • Hindustani:

      Hindi: अंजू (añjū)

  • Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
    • Punjabi:

      Gurmukhi script: ਹੰਝੂ (hañjhū)

      Shahmukhi script: ہَن٘جُھو (haṉjhū)

    • Sindhi:

      Arabic script: هَنجَ (hañja)

• Pali: assu
  • → Khmer: អស្សុ (ʼahsoʼ)

Borrowed terms

• → Bengali: অশ্রু (osru)
• → Gujarati: અશ્રુ (aśru)
• → Hindi: अश्रु (aśru)
• → Kannada: ಅಶ್ರು (aśru)
• → Malayalam: അശ്രു (aśru)
• → Marathi: अश्रू (aśrū)
• ⇒ Telugu: అశ్రువు (aśruvu)

References

• “अश्रु” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 51.
• Monier Williams (1899) “अश्रु”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0114.
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “अश्रु”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 033
• Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 089