कर्ण
Hindi edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्ण (karṇa). Doublet of कान (kān), a tadbhava.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
कर्ण • (karṇ) m (Urdu spelling کرن)
- (anatomy, uncommon) ear
- Synonym: कान (kān)
- (geometry, trigonometry) hypotenuse
- (nautical) helm, rudder
Declension edit
References edit
- Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “कर्ण”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
Sanskrit edit
Alternative scripts edit
- কৰ্ণ (Assamese script)
- ᬓᬃᬡ (Balinese script)
- কর্ণ (Bengali script)
- 𑰎𑰨𑰿𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀓𑀭𑁆𑀡 (Brahmi script)
- ကရ်္ဏ (Burmese script)
- કર્ણ (Gujarati script)
- ਕਰ੍ਣ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌕𑌰𑍍𑌣 (Grantha script)
- ꦏꦂꦟ (Javanese script)
- 𑂍𑂩𑂹𑂝 (Kaithi script)
- ಕರ್ಣ (Kannada script)
- កណ៌ (Khmer script)
- ກຣ຺ຓ (Lao script)
- കര്ണ (Malayalam script)
- ᡬᠠᡵᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘎𑘨𑘿𑘜 (Modi script)
- ᢉᠠᠷᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦮𑧈𑧠𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐎𑐬𑑂𑐞 (Newa script)
- କର୍ଣ (Odia script)
- ꢒꢬ꣄ꢠ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆑𑆫𑇀𑆟 (Sharada script)
- 𑖎𑖨𑖿𑖜 (Siddham script)
- කර්ණ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩜𑩼 𑪙𑩪 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚊𑚤𑚶𑚘 (Takri script)
- கர்ண (Tamil script)
- కర్ణ (Telugu script)
- กรฺณ (Thai script)
- ཀ་རྞ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒏𑒩𑓂𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨋𑨫𑩇𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology edit
Of uncertain origin.
Likely related to Persian کر (kar, “deaf”), and perhaps to Old Church Slavonic крънъ (krŭnŭ, “mutilated (esp. of the ears and nose)”); however, Fraenkel's presupposition that "defect of the ear" was the original meaning of the common root and that Sanskrit later developed the more basal meaning of "ear" from the "defect" meaning is suspect.
Pischel takes the original meaning as "point, spike"; under this view, कर्णक (karṇaka, “lateral protrusion; fork”) could be related. However, a convincing etymological path for this has not been found.
Zupitsa connects this with Russian Church Slavonic črĕnъ, from a common root meaning "handle, grip".
Finally, others have connected this word to शृणोति (śṛṇóti, “to listen, hear”).
Noun edit
कर्ण • (kárṇa) stem, m
- (anatomy) ear
- (nautical) the handle or ear of a vessel
- (nautical) the helm or rudder of a ship
- (geometry) the hypotenuse of a triangle or the diagonal of a quadrilateral
- diameter (of a circle)
- (prosody) spondee
Declension edit
Masculine a-stem declension of कर्ण | |||
---|---|---|---|
Nom. sg. | कर्णः (karṇaḥ) | ||
Gen. sg. | कर्णस्य (karṇasya) | ||
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | कर्णः (karṇaḥ) | कर्णौ (karṇau) | कर्णाः (karṇāḥ) |
Vocative | कर्ण (karṇa) | कर्णौ (karṇau) | कर्णाः (karṇāḥ) |
Accusative | कर्णम् (karṇam) | कर्णौ (karṇau) | कर्णान् (karṇān) |
Instrumental | कर्णेन (karṇena) | कर्णाभ्याम् (karṇābhyām) | कर्णैः (karṇaiḥ) |
Dative | कर्णाय (karṇāya) | कर्णाभ्याम् (karṇābhyām) | कर्णेभ्यः (karṇebhyaḥ) |
Ablative | कर्णात् (karṇāt) | कर्णाभ्याम् (karṇābhyām) | कर्णेभ्यः (karṇebhyaḥ) |
Genitive | कर्णस्य (karṇasya) | कर्णयोः (karṇayoḥ) | कर्णानाम् (karṇānām) |
Locative | कर्णे (karṇe) | कर्णयोः (karṇayoḥ) | कर्णेषु (karṇeṣu) |
Descendants edit
- Dardic:
- Pali: kaṇṇa
- Prakrit: 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡 (kaṇṇa)
- Central:
- Eastern:
- Northern:
- Northwestern:
- Southern:
- Western:
References edit
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “karna”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 144
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 314-315