पयस्

See also: प्यास

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• পয়স্ (Assamese script)
• ᬧᬬᬲ᭄ (Balinese script)
• পয়স্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰢𑰧𑰭𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀧𑀬𑀲𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• ပယသ် (Burmese script)
• પયસ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਪਯਸ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌪𑌯𑌸𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦥꦪꦱ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂣𑂨𑂮𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಪಯಸ್ (Kannada script)
• បយស៑ (Khmer script)
• ປຍສ຺ (Lao script)
• പയസ് (Malayalam script)
• ᢒᠠᠶᠠᠰ᠌ (Manchu script)
• 𑘢𑘧𑘭𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᢒᠠᠶ᠋ᠠᠰ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧂𑧇𑧍𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐥𑐫𑐳𑑂 (Newa script)
• ପଯସ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢦꢫꢱ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆥𑆪𑆱𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖢𑖧𑖭𑖿 (Siddham script)
• පයස් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩰𑩻𑪁 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚞𑚣𑚨𑚶 (Takri script)
• பயஸ் (Tamil script)
• పయస్ (Telugu script)
• ปยสฺ (Thai script)
• པ་ཡ་ས྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒣𑒨𑒮𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨞𑨪𑨰𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *páyHas (“milk”), from Proto-Indo-European *péyH-o-s (“fat, milk”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵 (paiiah), 𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬨𐬀𐬥 (paēman), Latvian piens, Lithuanian píenas, English fat.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɐ́.jɐs/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈpɐ.jɐs̪/

Noun

पयस् • (páyas) stem, n

1. milk
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.164.27:

     दुहामश्विभ्यां पयो अघ्न्येयं सा वर्धतां महते सौभगाय ॥

     duhāmaśvibhyāṃ payo aghnyeyaṃ sā vardhatāṃ mahate saubhagāya.

     "...May this cow yield her milk for both the Aśvins, and may she prosper to our high advantage."

2. (by extension) any fluid or juice
3. water or rain
4. semen, (metaphorically) vital spirit, power, strength

Declension

Neuter as-stem declension of पयस् (páyas)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पयः páyaḥ	पयसी páyasī	पयांसि páyāṃsi
Vocative	पयः páyaḥ	पयसी páyasī	पयांसि páyāṃsi
Accusative	पयः páyaḥ	पयसी páyasī	पयांसि páyāṃsi
Instrumental	पयसा páyasā	पयोभ्याम् páyobhyām	पयोभिः páyobhiḥ
Dative	पयसे páyase	पयोभ्याम् páyobhyām	पयोभ्यः páyobhyaḥ
Ablative	पयसः páyasaḥ	पयोभ्याम् páyobhyām	पयोभ्यः páyobhyaḥ
Genitive	पयसः páyasaḥ	पयसोः páyasoḥ	पयसाम् páyasām
Locative	पयसि páyasi	पयसोः páyasoḥ	पयःसु páyaḥsu

Derived terms

• पायस (pāyasa)

Descendants

• Pali: paya
• Prakrit: 𑀧𑀬 (paya)
  • Sinhalese: පය (paya), පා (pā)
• → Kannada: ಪಯಸ್ಸು (payassu) (learned)
• → Malayalam: പയസ്സ് (payassŭ) (learned)
• → Telugu: పయస్సు (payassu) (learned)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “पयस्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 585.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “páyas”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press