पाश

Hindi

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /pɑːʃ/, [päːʃ]

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian پاشیدن (pāšīdan).

Adjective

पाश • (pāś) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling پاش)

1. (chiefly in compounds) scattered, broken into pieces

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पाश (pā́śa). Doublet of फाँस (phā̃s).

Noun

पाश • (pāś) m (Urdu spelling پاش)

1. noose
2. net, snare, clutches

Declension

Declension of पाश (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	पाश pāś	पाश pāś
oblique	पाश pāś	पाशों pāśõ
vocative	पाश pāś	पाशो pāśo

Further reading

• Platts, John T. (1884) “पाश”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “पाश”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• পাশ (Assamese script)
• ᬧᬵᬰ (Balinese script)
• পাশ (Bengali script)
• 𑰢𑰯𑰫 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀧𑀸𑀰 (Brahmi script)
• ပါၐ (Burmese script)
• પાશ (Gujarati script)
• ਪਾਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌪𑌾𑌶 (Grantha script)
• ꦥꦴꦯ (Javanese script)
• 𑂣𑂰𑂬 (Kaithi script)
• ಪಾಶ (Kannada script)
• បាឝ (Khmer script)
• ປາຨ (Lao script)
• പാശ (Malayalam script)
• ᢒᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡧᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘢𑘰𑘫 (Modi script)
• ᢒᠠᢗᠱᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧂𑧑𑧋 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐥𑐵𑐱 (Newa script)
• ପାଶ (Odia script)
• ꢦꢵꢯ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆥𑆳𑆯 (Sharada script)
• 𑖢𑖯𑖫 (Siddham script)
• පාශ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩰𑩛𑩿 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚞𑚭𑚧 (Takri script)
• பாஶ (Tamil script)
• పాశ (Telugu script)
• ปาศ (Thai script)
• པཱ་ཤ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒣𑒰𑒬 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨞𑨊𑨮 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *paHćás, from Proto-Indo-European *poh₂ḱ-ó-s, from *peh₂ḱ- (“to join, tie, fasten”). Cognate with Middle Persian pštk' (paštag, “bond”), Parthian [script needed] (pštg, “bound, fettered”), Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀-𐬞𐬀𐬱𐬁𐬝 (auua-pašāt̰, 3rd person singular subjunctive), Proto-Germanic *fōgijaną (“to join together”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɑ́ː.ɕɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈpɑː.ɕɐ/

Noun

पाश • (pā́śa) stem, m

1. a noose, cord, bond, chain or a fetter; a snare, trap (literally and figuratively)
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.88.7:

     ध्रुवासु त्वासु क्षितिषु क्षियन्तो व्य् अस्मत् पाशं वरुणो मुमोचत् ।
     अवो वन्वाना अदितेर् उपस्थाद् यूयं पात स्वस्तिभिः सदा नः ॥

     dhruvāsu tvāsu kṣitiṣu kṣiyanto vy asmat pāśaṃ varuṇo mumocat.
     avo vanvānā aditer upasthād yūyaṃ pāta svastibhiḥ sadā naḥ.

     While we abide in these fixed habitations, and from the lap of Aditi win favour,
     May Varuṇa untie the bond that binds us. Preserve us evermore, ye Gods, with blessings.

   1. (especially) the noose carried by Shiva, Yama or Varuna
2. anything that binds or fetters the soul; the outer world, nature
3. selvage, edge, border (of anything woven)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of पाश (pā́śa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पाशः pā́śaḥ	पाशौ / पाशा¹ pā́śau / pā́śā¹	पाशाः / पाशासः¹ pā́śāḥ / pā́śāsaḥ¹
Vocative	पाश pā́śa	पाशौ / पाशा¹ pā́śau / pā́śā¹	पाशाः / पाशासः¹ pā́śāḥ / pā́śāsaḥ¹
Accusative	पाशम् pā́śam	पाशौ / पाशा¹ pā́śau / pā́śā¹	पाशान् pā́śān
Instrumental	पाशेन pā́śena	पाशाभ्याम् pā́śābhyām	पाशैः / पाशेभिः¹ pā́śaiḥ / pā́śebhiḥ¹
Dative	पाशाय pā́śāya	पाशाभ्याम् pā́śābhyām	पाशेभ्यः pā́śebhyaḥ
Ablative	पाशात् pā́śāt	पाशाभ्याम् pā́śābhyām	पाशेभ्यः pā́śebhyaḥ
Genitive	पाशस्य pā́śasya	पाशयोः pā́śayoḥ	पाशानाम् pā́śānām
Locative	पाशे pā́śe	पाशयोः pā́śayoḥ	पाशेषु pā́śeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀸𑀲 (pāsa)
• Pali: pāsa
• → Tamil: பாசம் (pācam)

Etymology 2

Sanskritized from Prakrit 𑀧𑀸𑀲 (pāsa, “dice”), from Sanskrit प्रास (prāsa, “throwing, casting”); related to प्रास्यति (prāsyati, “to throw, cast; to lay a wager”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɑː.ɕɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈpɑː.ɕɐ/

Noun

पाश • (pāśa) stem, m

1. a die, dice

   Synonym: प्रास (prāsa)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of पाश (pāśa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पाशः pāśaḥ	पाशौ / पाशा¹ pāśau / pāśā¹	पाशाः / पाशासः¹ pāśāḥ / pāśāsaḥ¹
Vocative	पाश pāśa	पाशौ / पाशा¹ pāśau / pāśā¹	पाशाः / पाशासः¹ pāśāḥ / pāśāsaḥ¹
Accusative	पाशम् pāśam	पाशौ / पाशा¹ pāśau / pāśā¹	पाशान् pāśān
Instrumental	पाशेन pāśena	पाशाभ्याम् pāśābhyām	पाशैः / पाशेभिः¹ pāśaiḥ / pāśebhiḥ¹
Dative	पाशाय pāśāya	पाशाभ्याम् pāśābhyām	पाशेभ्यः pāśebhyaḥ
Ablative	पाशात् pāśāt	पाशाभ्याम् pāśābhyām	पाशेभ्यः pāśebhyaḥ
Genitive	पाशस्य pāśasya	पाशयोः pāśayoḥ	पाशानाम् pāśānām
Locative	पाशे pāśe	पाशयोः pāśayoḥ	पाशेषु pāśeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Further reading

• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “pāśa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Monier Williams (1899) “पाश”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 623.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “pāśa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “pā́śa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
• Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*pas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 299
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “pā́śa-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 125