यदि

See also: यद्, यदा, and याद

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit यदि (yadi).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /jə.d̪iː/, [jɐ.d̪iː]

Conjunction

यदि • (yadi) (Urdu spelling یدی) (formal)

1. if
2. whether
3. though

Synonyms

• अगर (agar)

Nepali

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit यदि (yadi).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ed̪i]
• Phonetic Devanagari: एदि

Conjunction

यदि • (yadi)

1. (used with भने [bhane]) if

   यदि भोलि पानी पर्यो भने, म कार्यालय जान्नँ।

   yadi bholi pānī paryo bhane, ma kāryālaya jānnã.

   If it rains tomorrow, I'm not going to office.

2. supposing that

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

• यदी (yádī) — Vedic

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• যদি (Assamese script)
• ᬬᬤᬶ (Balinese script)
• যদি (Bengali script)
• 𑰧𑰟𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀬𑀤𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• ယဒိ (Burmese script)
• યદિ (Gujarati script)
• ਯਦਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌯𑌦𑌿 (Grantha script)
• ꦪꦢꦶ (Javanese script)
• 𑂨𑂠𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• ಯದಿ (Kannada script)
• យទិ (Khmer script)
• ຍທິ (Lao script)
• യദി (Malayalam script)
• ᠶᠠᡩᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘧𑘟𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᠶ᠋ᠠᢑᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧇𑦿𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐫𑐡𑐶 (Newa script)
• ଯଦି (Odia script)
• ꢫꢣꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆪𑆢𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖧𑖟𑖰 (Siddham script)
• යදි (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩻𑩭𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚣𑚛𑚮 (Takri script)
• யதி³ (Tamil script)
• యది (Telugu script)
• ยทิ (Thai script)
• ཡ་དི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒨𑒠𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨪𑨛𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyádi (“if, when”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hyós (“that, who, which”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬫𐬈𐬌𐬜𐬌 (yeⁱδi), 𐬫𐬈𐬜𐬌 (yeδi, “if, when”), Old Persian 𐎹𐎮𐎹 (y-di-y /⁠yadiy⁠/, “if”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /jɐ́.di/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈjɐ.d̪i/

Conjunction

यदि • (yádi)

1. if; in case that

   यदि अहं तस्याः गृहं गच्छेयम्, तर्हि अहं तुष्येयम्। ― yadi ahaṃ tasyāḥ gṛhaṃ gaccheyam, tarhi ahaṃ tuṣyeyam. ― If I had gone to his house then I would have been happy.

Usage notes

• This conjunction is indeclinable.

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𐨩𐨡𐨁 (yadi)
  • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀬𑀇 (yaï), 𑀬𑀤𑀺 (yadi)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀇 (jaï)
    • Old Bengali: জই
    • Old Gujarati: जइ (jaï)
      • Marwari: जे (je), जै (jai), जइ (jai)
    • Maithili:

      Devanagari script: जँ (jã), जऽ (ja²), ज' (ja')

      Tirhuta script: 𑒖𑒿 (jã), 𑒖𑓄, 𑒖' (ja')

    • Old Marathi: jaiṃ

      Devanagari script: जैं

      Modi script: 𑘕𑘺𑘽

      • Marathi: जई (jaī) (poetic)
    • Old Punjabi: ਜਿ (ji), ਜੇ (je)
      • Punjabi: jē

        Gurmukhi script: ਜੇ

        Shahmukhi script: جے

      • ⇒ Old Punjabi: ਜੇਕਰਿ (jēkari)
    • Sindhi: je

      Arabic script: جي

      Devanagari script: जे

  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀇 (jaï), 𑀚𑀤𑀺 (jadi)
• Pali: yadi
• → Bengali: যদি (jodi)
• → Hindi: यदि (yadi)
• → Nepali: यदि (yadi)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “यदि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 844/3, 845/1.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 390; 397