शाम

Hindi

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʃɑːm/, [ʃä̃ːm]
Audio: (file)

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian (šām), from Proto-Iranian *xšáfnyah. Cognate with Sanskrit क्षप् (kṣap, “night”); despite phonetic and semantic similarity, not related to Sanskrit श्यामा (śyāmā, “night, shadow”), which derives from a different root.

Noun

शाम • (śām) f (Urdu spelling شام)

evening
Synonym: सांझ (sāñjh)

क्या शाम का समय आपके अनुकूल होगा?
kyā śām kā samay āpke anukūl hogā?
Will a time in the evening suit you?

Declension

Declension of शाम (fem cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	शाम śām	शामें śāmẽ
oblique	शाम śām	शामों śāmõ
vocative	शाम śām	शामो śāmo

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian (šām), from Arabic شَام (šām), originally meaning 'left-hand side', i.e. 'north' (when looking towards sunrise). Compare Gujarati શામ (śām).

Proper noun

Picture dictionary

शाम

शाम

शाम

शाम

शाम • (śām) f (Urdu spelling شام)

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

Etymology 3

From Sanskrit श्याम (śyāma).

Proper noun

शाम • (śām) m (Urdu spelling شام)

an epithet of Krishna
a male given name, Sham, from Sanskrit

Etymology 4

Inherited from Sanskrit शम्बा (śambā).

Noun

शाम • (śām) m (Urdu spelling شام)

ferrule (of a stick, etc.), metal end

Declension

Declension of शाम (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	शाम śām	शाम śām
oblique	शाम śām	शामों śāmõ
vocative	शाम śām	शामो śāmo

References

McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “शाम”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Platts, John T. (1884) “शाम”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

শাম (Assamese script)
ᬰᬵᬫ (Balinese script)
শাম (Bengali script)
𑰫𑰯𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀰𑀸𑀫 (Brahmi script)
ၐာမ (Burmese script)
શામ (Gujarati script)
ਸ਼ਾਮ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌶𑌾𑌮 (Grantha script)
ꦯꦴꦩ (Javanese script)
𑂬𑂰𑂧 (Kaithi script)
ಶಾಮ (Kannada script)
ឝាម (Khmer script)
ຨາມ (Lao script)
ശാമ (Malayalam script)
ᡧᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘫𑘰𑘦 (Modi script)
ᠱᠠᢗᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧋𑧑𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
𑐱𑐵𑐩 (Newa script)
ଶାମ (Odia script)
ꢯꢵꢪ (Saurashtra script)
𑆯𑆳𑆩 (Sharada script)
𑖫𑖯𑖦 (Siddham script)
ශාම (Sinhalese script)
𑩿𑩛𑩴 (Soyombo script)
𑚧𑚭𑚢 (Takri script)
ஶாம (Tamil script)
శామ (Telugu script)
ศาม (Thai script)
ཤཱ་མ (Tibetan script)
𑒬𑒰𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
𑨮𑨊𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Vṛddhi derivative the root शम् (śam).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɑː.mɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɕɑː.mɐ/

Adjective

शाम • (śāmá) stem

appeasing, curing, having curative properties

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शाम (śāmá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शामः śāmáḥ	शामौ / शामा¹ śāmaú / śāmā́¹	शामाः / शामासः¹ śāmā́ḥ / śāmā́saḥ¹
Vocative	शाम śā́ma	शामौ / शामा¹ śā́mau / śā́mā¹	शामाः / शामासः¹ śā́māḥ / śā́māsaḥ¹
Accusative	शामम् śāmám	शामौ / शामा¹ śāmaú / śāmā́¹	शामान् śāmā́n
Instrumental	शामेन śāména	शामाभ्याम् śāmā́bhyām	शामैः / शामेभिः¹ śāmaíḥ / śāmébhiḥ¹
Dative	शामाय śāmā́ya	शामाभ्याम् śāmā́bhyām	शामेभ्यः śāmébhyaḥ
Ablative	शामात् śāmā́t	शामाभ्याम् śāmā́bhyām	शामेभ्यः śāmébhyaḥ
Genitive	शामस्य śāmásya	शामयोः śāmáyoḥ	शामानाम् śāmā́nām
Locative	शामे śāmé	शामयोः śāmáyoḥ	शामेषु śāméṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of शामा (śāmā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शामा śāmā́	शामे śāmé	शामाः śāmā́ḥ
Vocative	शामे śā́me	शामे śā́me	शामाः śā́māḥ
Accusative	शामाम् śāmā́m	शामे śāmé	शामाः śāmā́ḥ
Instrumental	शामया / शामा¹ śāmáyā / śāmā́¹	शामाभ्याम् śāmā́bhyām	शामाभिः śāmā́bhiḥ
Dative	शामायै śāmā́yai	शामाभ्याम् śāmā́bhyām	शामाभ्यः śāmā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	शामायाः / शामायै² śāmā́yāḥ / śāmā́yai²	शामाभ्याम् śāmā́bhyām	शामाभ्यः śāmā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	शामायाः / शामायै² śāmā́yāḥ / śāmā́yai²	शामयोः śāmáyoḥ	शामानाम् śāmā́nām
Locative	शामायाम् śāmā́yām	शामयोः śāmáyoḥ	शामासु śāmā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of शाम (śāmá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शामम् śāmám	शामे śāmé	शामानि / शामा¹ śāmā́ni / śāmā́¹
Vocative	शाम śā́ma	शामे śā́me	शामानि / शामा¹ śā́māni / śā́mā¹
Accusative	शामम् śāmám	शामे śāmé	शामानि / शामा¹ śāmā́ni / śāmā́¹
Instrumental	शामेन śāména	शामाभ्याम् śāmā́bhyām	शामैः / शामेभिः¹ śāmaíḥ / śāmébhiḥ¹
Dative	शामाय śāmā́ya	शामाभ्याम् śāmā́bhyām	शामेभ्यः śāmébhyaḥ
Ablative	शामात् śāmā́t	शामाभ्याम् śāmā́bhyām	शामेभ्यः śāmébhyaḥ
Genitive	शामस्य śāmásya	शामयोः śāmáyoḥ	शामानाम् śāmā́nām
Locative	शामे śāmé	शामयोः śāmáyoḥ	शामेषु śāméṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

References

Monier Williams (1899) “शाम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1065.