რუ

Georgian

From Old Georgian რუჲ (ruy), რუ (ru); see below.

რუ • (ru) (plural რუები)

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Declension of რუ (see Georgian declension)

	singular	plural	archaic plural
nominative	რუ (ru)	რუები (ruebi)	რუნი (runi)
ergative	რუმ (rum)	რუებმა (ruebma)	რუთ(ა) (rut(a))
dative	რუს(ა) (rus(a))	რუებს(ა) (ruebs(a))	რუთ(ა) (rut(a))
genitive	რუს(ა) (rus(a))	რუების(ა) (ruebis(a))	რუთ(ა) (rut(a))
instrumental	რუთ(ა) (rut(a))	რუებით(ა) (ruebit(a))
adverbial	რუდ(ა) (rud(a))	რუებად(ა) (ruebad(a))
vocative	რუვ (ruv)	რუებო (ruebo)	რუნო (runo)
Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.

Postpositional inflection of რუ (see Georgian postpositions)

postpositions taking a dative case	singular	plural
-ზე (on - )	რუზე (ruze)	რუებზე (ruebze)
-თან (near - )	რუსთან (rustan)	რუებთან (ruebtan)
-ში (in - )	რუში (ruši)	რუებში (ruebši)
-ვით (like a - )	რუსავით (rusavit)	რუებივით (ruebivit)
postpositions taking a genitive case	singular	plural
-თვის (for - )	რუსთვის (rustvis)	რუებისთვის (ruebistvis)
-ებრ (like a - )	რუსებრ (rusebr)	რუებისებრ (ruebisebr)
-კენ (towards - )	რუსკენ (rusḳen)	რუებისკენ (ruebisḳen)
-გან (from/of - )	რუსგან (rusgan)	რუებისგან (ruebisgan)
postpositions taking an instrumental case	singular	plural
-დან (from / since - )	რუდან (rudan)	რუებიდან (ruebidan)
-ურთ (together with - )	რუთურთ (ruturt)	რუებითურთ (ruebiturt)
postpositions taking an adverbial case	singular	plural
-მდე (up to - )	რუმდე (rumde)	რუებამდე (ruebamde)

According to Klimov / Khalilov, an Iranian borrowing. Compare Persian (rud, “river, torrent”).

According to Ačaṙean, borrowed from the older form of Old Armenian առու (aṙu), before the addition of the prothetic ա- (a-)- to it.

რუ • (ru)

Abulaʒe, Ilia (1973) “რუ”, in Ʒveli kartuli enis leksiḳoni (masalebi) [Dictionary of Old Georgian (Materials)]‎^[1] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Metsniereba, page 349
Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “առու”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, page 265a
Klimov, G. A., Xalilov, M. Š. (2003) Словарь кавказских языков. Сопоставление основной лексики [Dictionary of Caucasian Languages. A comparison of the Basic Vocabulary] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, →ISBN, pages 142, 208
Thorsø, Rasmus (2023) Prehistoric loanwords in Armenian: Hurro-Urartian, Kartvelian, and the unclassified substrate‎^[2], PhD dissertation, Leiden University, pages 71-72