See also: hʾn'

Demotic

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Etymology

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From Egyptian
Hn
a
(ḥnꜥ, with, and).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): */ħəl/ (nominal state)

Preposition

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ḥnꜥ

  1. and, with, or

Descendants

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  • Old Coptic: ⳍⲗ- (ḥl-)[1]

References

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  1. ^ Love, Edward O.D. (2019) Innovative Scripts and Spellings in Roman Egypt: Investigations Into Script Conventions, Domains, Shift, and Obsolescence as Evidenced by Hieroglyphic, Hieratic, Demotic, and Old Coptic Manuscripts[1], University of Oxford, page 209:ⳍ̣ⲗⲟⲡⲧⲛⲓⲃ apparently glossing
    Hn
    a
    ip
    d
    G38nb
    t
    ḥnꜥ jpd ⸢-nb.t] “together with all fowl”

Egyptian

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Pronunciation

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Preposition

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Hn
a
  1. along with, with (comitative)
    Synonym: (Late Egyptian) jrm
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 119–123:
      iwd
      p
      t
      P1
      riiit
      D54
      mXn
      n
      nwwprsqddA30A1
      Z2
      imsr
      x
      Y2
      n
      k
      SmmD54
      k
      Hn
      a
      sn
      Z2
      rXn
      n
      nwwprmt
      Z6
      kmniwt
      t Z1
      k
      jw dpt r jjt m ẖnw sqdw jm.s rḫ.n.k šm.k ḥnꜥ.sn r ẖnw m(w)t.k m nwt.k
      A boat is to come from home with sailors in it whom you know. You will go home with them, and you will die in your (own) town.
    • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.8–1.9:
      irswrriA2kHn
      a
      t
      x
      wW22A1O43pa
      k
      iwibZ1fHtp
      t
      pwY1
      jr swrj.k ḥnꜥ tḫw šzp.k jw jb.f ḥtp.w
      If you drink with a drunkard, you should partake when his heart is satisfied.
  2. and, in addition to
    • c. 1600 BCE, Westcar Papyrus, column 7, lines 1-4:[1]
      M17Z7
      f
      mN35
      I10
      sG37
      A1
      N35M4t
      100
      10M17Z7
      f
      HrZ1M42mA2t
      X2
      X4
      Z2
      100100100
      100
      100rmn
      N35
      D41
      F51
      N35E1Z1mM17Z7
      f
      F51
      Z2
      HN35
      D36
      sG36
      r
      M17N35AA2Hq
      X1
      Hnqt
      Z2
      d
      z
      Hnqt100rmn
      N35
      Y1mhrZ7N5Z1p
      N35
      jw.f m nḏs n(j) rnpt 110 jw.f ḥr wnm t 500 rmn n(j) jḥ m jwf ḥnꜥ zwrj ḥ(n)qt ds 100 r-mn-m hrw pn
      He is a commoner a hundred and ten years old, who eats five hundred loaves of bread, a shoulder of beef for meat and drinks a hundred jars of beer, up to this day.

Usage notes

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Conjunction is usually expressed by directly juxtaposing two nouns, but occasionally ḥnꜥ or ḥr are used to link the nouns instead. The latter (ḥr) may represent a somewhat closer coordination than the former (ḥnꜥ).

In Late Egyptian jrm is usually used instead of ḥnꜥ with comitative meaning, and ḥnꜥ is used mostly to express coordination (‘and’) between defined elements. As time passes jrm replaces ḥnꜥ more and more, while on the other hand ḥnꜥ is often found instead of jrm in texts of a higher linguistic register.

Inflection

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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Adverb

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Hn
a
  1. Abbreviated form of ḥnꜥw (along with them)

References

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  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 87.
  • Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
  • Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, pages 89–90
  1. ^ Nederhof, Mark-Jan, Papyrus Westcar, page 25
  2. ^ Love, Edward O.D. (2019) Innovative Scripts and Spellings in Roman Egypt: Investigations Into Script Conventions, Domains, Shift, and Obsolescence as Evidenced by Hieroglyphic, Hieratic, Demotic, and Old Coptic Manuscripts[2], University of Oxford, page 209:ⳍ̣ⲗⲟⲡⲧⲛⲓⲃ apparently glossing
    Hn
    a
    ip
    d
    G38nb
    t
    ḥnꜥ jpd ⸢-nb.t] “together with all fowl”