ὀρφανός

See also: ορφανός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos (“orphan”), from *h₃erbʰ- (“to change ownership”). Cognate with Latin orbus (“orphaned”), Sanskrit अर्भ (árbha, “small”), Old Armenian որբ (orb, “orphan”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /or.pʰa.nós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /or.pʰaˈnos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /or.ɸaˈnos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /or.faˈnos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /or.faˈnos/

Adjective

ὀρφᾰνός • (orphanós) m (feminine ὀρφᾰνή, neuter ὀρφᾰνόν); first/second declension

left orphan, without parents
childless
destitute, bereft
- Κατά Ἰωάννην 14:18
  Οὐκ ἀφήσω ὑμᾶς ὀρφανούς· ἔρχομαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς.
  "I will not leave you destitute; I will come for you."

Inflection

In some writings, the adjective is declined -ός, -όν.

First and second declension of ὀρφᾰνός; ὀρφᾰνή; ὀρφᾰνόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ὀρφᾰνός orphanós	ὀρφᾰνή orphanḗ	ὀρφᾰνόν orphanón	ὀρφᾰνώ orphanṓ	ὀρφᾰνᾱ́ orphanā́	ὀρφᾰνώ orphanṓ	ὀρφᾰνοί orphanoí	ὀρφᾰναί orphanaí	ὀρφᾰνᾰ́ orphaná
Genitive	ὀρφᾰνοῦ orphanoû	ὀρφᾰνῆς orphanês	ὀρφᾰνοῦ orphanoû	ὀρφᾰνοῖν orphanoîn	ὀρφᾰναῖν orphanaîn	ὀρφᾰνοῖν orphanoîn	ὀρφᾰνῶν orphanôn	ὀρφᾰνῶν orphanôn	ὀρφᾰνῶν orphanôn
Dative	ὀρφᾰνῷ orphanôi	ὀρφᾰνῇ orphanêi	ὀρφᾰνῷ orphanôi	ὀρφᾰνοῖν orphanoîn	ὀρφᾰναῖν orphanaîn	ὀρφᾰνοῖν orphanoîn	ὀρφᾰνοῖς orphanoîs	ὀρφᾰναῖς orphanaîs	ὀρφᾰνοῖς orphanoîs
Accusative	ὀρφᾰνόν orphanón	ὀρφᾰνήν orphanḗn	ὀρφᾰνόν orphanón	ὀρφᾰνώ orphanṓ	ὀρφᾰνᾱ́ orphanā́	ὀρφᾰνώ orphanṓ	ὀρφᾰνούς orphanoús	ὀρφᾰνᾱ́ς orphanā́s	ὀρφᾰνᾰ́ orphaná
Vocative	ὀρφᾰνέ orphané	ὀρφᾰνή orphanḗ	ὀρφᾰνόν orphanón	ὀρφᾰνώ orphanṓ	ὀρφᾰνᾱ́ orphanā́	ὀρφᾰνώ orphanṓ	ὀρφᾰνοί orphanoí	ὀρφᾰναί orphanaí	ὀρφᾰνᾰ́ orphaná
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ὀρφᾰνῶς orphanôs			ὀρφᾰνώτερος orphanṓteros			ὀρφᾰνώτᾰτος orphanṓtatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ὀρφανία (orphanía)
ὀρφανίζω (orphanízō)
ὀρφανιστής (orphanistḗs)
ὀρφᾰνοφῠ́λᾰξ (orphanophúlax)

Descendants

→ Coptic: ⲟⲣⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ (orphanos)
→ Greek: ορφανός (orfanós)
→ Latin: orphanus, orfanus
- → Albanian: varfër, vorfën
- Aromanian: oarfãn, oarfãnu, orfãn
- Catalan: orfe
- → English: orphan
- Esperanto: orfo
- Old French: orfene
  - ⇒ Old French: orfenin
    - French: orphelin
- Friulian: vuarfin
- Galician: orfo
- Italian: orfano
- Occitan: òrfe, orfanèl
- Portuguese: órfão
- Romanian: orfan, oarfăn
- Sardinian: òlfanu, òrfanu
- Spanish: huérfano

“ὀρφανός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ὀρφανός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ὀρφανός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ὀρφανός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
ὀρφανός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“ὀρφανός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G3737 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
ὀρφανός in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- bereft idem, page 74.
- orphan idem, page 580.
- orphaned idem, page 580.