ὀρφανός

See also: ορφανός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos (“orphan”), from *h₃erbʰ- (“to change ownership”). Cognate with Latin orbus (“orphaned”), Sanskrit अर्भ (árbha, “small”), Old Armenian որբ (orb, “orphan”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /or.pʰa.nós/ → /or.ɸaˈnos/ → /or.faˈnos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /or.pʰa.nós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /or.pʰaˈnos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /or.ɸaˈnos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /or.faˈnos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /or.faˈnos/

Adjective

ὀρφᾰνός • (orphanós) m (feminine ὀρφᾰνή, neuter ὀρφᾰνόν); first/second declension

1. left orphan, without parents
2. childless
3. destitute, bereft
   • Κατά Ἰωάννην 14:18

     Οὐκ ἀφήσω ὑμᾶς ὀρφανούς· ἔρχομαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς.

     "I will not leave you destitute; I will come for you."

Inflection

In some writings, the adjective is declined -ός, -όν.

First and second declension of ὀρφᾰνός; ὀρφᾰνή; ὀρφᾰνόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ὀρφᾰνός orphanós	ὀρφᾰνή orphanḗ	ὀρφᾰνόν orphanón		ὀρφᾰνώ orphanṓ	ὀρφᾰνᾱ́ orphanā́	ὀρφᾰνώ orphanṓ		ὀρφᾰνοί orphanoí	ὀρφᾰναί orphanaí	ὀρφᾰνᾰ́ orphaná
Genitive		ὀρφᾰνοῦ orphanoû	ὀρφᾰνῆς orphanês	ὀρφᾰνοῦ orphanoû		ὀρφᾰνοῖν orphanoîn	ὀρφᾰναῖν orphanaîn	ὀρφᾰνοῖν orphanoîn		ὀρφᾰνῶν orphanôn	ὀρφᾰνῶν orphanôn	ὀρφᾰνῶν orphanôn
Dative		ὀρφᾰνῷ orphanôi	ὀρφᾰνῇ orphanêi	ὀρφᾰνῷ orphanôi		ὀρφᾰνοῖν orphanoîn	ὀρφᾰναῖν orphanaîn	ὀρφᾰνοῖν orphanoîn		ὀρφᾰνοῖς orphanoîs	ὀρφᾰναῖς orphanaîs	ὀρφᾰνοῖς orphanoîs
Accusative		ὀρφᾰνόν orphanón	ὀρφᾰνήν orphanḗn	ὀρφᾰνόν orphanón		ὀρφᾰνώ orphanṓ	ὀρφᾰνᾱ́ orphanā́	ὀρφᾰνώ orphanṓ		ὀρφᾰνούς orphanoús	ὀρφᾰνᾱ́ς orphanā́s	ὀρφᾰνᾰ́ orphaná
Vocative		ὀρφᾰνέ orphané	ὀρφᾰνή orphanḗ	ὀρφᾰνόν orphanón		ὀρφᾰνώ orphanṓ	ὀρφᾰνᾱ́ orphanā́	ὀρφᾰνώ orphanṓ		ὀρφᾰνοί orphanoí	ὀρφᾰναί orphanaí	ὀρφᾰνᾰ́ orphaná
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ὀρφᾰνῶς orphanôs				ὀρφᾰνώτερος orphanṓteros				ὀρφᾰνώτᾰτος orphanṓtatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ὀρφανία (orphanía)
• ὀρφανίζω (orphanízō)
• ὀρφανιστής (orphanistḗs)
• ὀρφᾰνοφῠ́λᾰξ (orphanophúlax)

 

Descendants

• → Coptic: ⲟⲣⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ (orphanos)
• → Greek: ορφανός (orfanós)
• → Latin: orphanus, orfanus
  • → Albanian: varfër, vorfën
  • Aromanian: oarfãn, oarfãnu, orfãn
  • Catalan: orfe
  • → English: orphan
  • Esperanto: orfo
  • French: orphelin
  • Friulian: vuarfin
  • Galician: orfo
  • Italian: orfano
  • Occitan: òrfe, orfanèl
  • Old French: orfene
  • Portuguese: órfão
  • Romanian: orfan, oarfăn
  • Sardinian: òlfanu, òrfanu
  • Spanish: huérfano

Further reading

• “ὀρφανός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὀρφανός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ὀρφανός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ὀρφανός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ὀρφανός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ὀρφανός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G3737 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• ὀρφανός in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • bereft idem, page 74.
  • orphan idem, page 580.
  • orphaned idem, page 580.