ὄχλος

See also: όχλος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *woǵʰlos, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to drive, transport”) (whence also ὄχος (ókhos) and Arcadocypriot Greek ϝέχω (wékhō, “to bear, bring”)), with cognates such as Old Norse vagl. The sense development from "driving, carrying" > "crowd" is unclear; possible interpretations include that crowds were seen as "emergent entities that carried power", or that carriers of goods attracted crowds. Compare also Old Armenian յոգն (yogn).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ó.kʰlos/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈo.kʰlos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈo.xlos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈo.xlos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈo.xlos/

Noun

ὄχλος • (ókhlos) m (genitive ὄχλου); second declension

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ ὄχλος; τοῦ ὄχλου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ὄχλος ho ókhlos	τὼ ὄχλω tṑ ókhlō	οἱ ὄχλοι hoi ókhloi
Genitive	τοῦ ὄχλου toû ókhlou	τοῖν ὄχλοιν toîn ókhloin	τῶν ὄχλων tôn ókhlōn
Dative	τῷ ὄχλῳ tôi ókhlōi	τοῖν ὄχλοιν toîn ókhloin	τοῖς ὄχλοις toîs ókhlois
Accusative	τὸν ὄχλον tòn ókhlon	τὼ ὄχλω tṑ ókhlō	τοὺς ὄχλους toùs ókhlous
Vocative	ὄχλε ókhle	ὄχλω ókhlō	ὄχλοι ókhloi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ὀχλοκρατία (okhlokratía, “mob rule”)

Descendants

Greek: όχλος (óchlos)
→⇒ Aramaic: אוכלוסין
- → Hebrew: אוכלוסין (ukhlusín)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὄχλος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1137-8

“ὄχλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ὄχλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
ὄχλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
“ὄχλος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G3793 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
ὄχλος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- assembly idem, page 45.
- bother idem, page 90.
- camp followers idem, page 110.
- collection idem, page 143.
- concourse idem, page 156.
- crew idem, page 184.
- crowd idem, page 186.
- crush idem, page 187.
- discomfort idem, page 230.
- embarrassment idem, page 267.
- fuss idem, page 351.
- gang idem, page 353.
- herd idem, page 397.
- horde idem, page 406.
- host idem, page 407.
- inconvenience idem, page 430.
- mob idem, page 537.
- molestation idem, page 538.
- multitude idem, page 546.
- number idem, page 563.
- pack idem, page 588.
- people idem, page 604.
- populace idem, page 626.
- press idem, page 637.
- proletariat idem, page 653.
- rabble idem, page 667.
- riff-raff idem, page 714.
- sutlers idem, page 846.
- swarm idem, page 846.
- teasing idem, page 859.
- throng idem, page 870.
- traffic idem, page 886.
- tribe idem, page 894.
- trouble idem, page 897.
- tumult idem, page 900.
- turmoil idem, page 901.
- vulgar idem, page 958.
- worry idem, page 990.

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὄχλος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1137-8

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