Wiktionary

償う

Japanese

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
償
つぐな
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alteration of tsugunou below.[1]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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償(つぐな)う • (tsugunau) ←つぐなふ (tugunafu)?transitive godan (stem 償(つぐな)い (tsugunai), past 償(つぐな)った (tsugunatta))

  1. to compensate, make up for
  2. to recompense, atone for
    • 1995 June 1 [1993 April 17], Yōzaburō Kanari with Satō, Fumiya, “File 1: Opera Zakan Satsujin Jiken Go [File 1: The Opera House Murder Case #5]”, in Kindaichi Shōnen no Jikenbo [Young Kindaichi Case Files], 14th edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 186:
      あ(・)の(・)二(ふた)人(り)そして早乙女(こいつ)は死(し)んで償(つぐな)うべきなんだ‼
      ANO futari soshite koitsu wa shinde tsugunaubeki nanda‼
      THOSE two and this bitch must die for their crime!!
Conjugation
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Conjugation of "償う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 償わ つぐなわ tsugunawa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 償い つぐない tsugunai
Shūshikei ("terminal") 償う つぐなう tsugunau
Rentaikei ("attributive") 償う つぐなう tsugunau
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 償え つぐなえ tsugunae
Meireikei ("imperative") 償え つぐなえ tsugunae
Key constructions
Passive 償われる つぐなわれる tsugunawareru
Causative 償わせる
償わす 		つぐなわせる
つぐなわす 		tsugunawaseru
tsugunawasu
Potential 償える つぐなえる tsugunaeru
Volitional 償おう つぐなおう tsugunaō
Negative 償わない つぐなわない tsugunawanai
Negative continuative 償わず つぐなわず tsugunawazu
Formal 償います つぐないます tsugunaimasu
Perfective 償った つぐなった tsugunatta
Conjunctive 償って つぐなって tsugunatte
Hypothetical conditional 償えば つぐなえば tsugunaeba
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
償
つぐの
Grade: S
irregular
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Compound of つぐ (tsugu) +‎ に (ni) +‎ おう (ou)?”

Verb

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償(つぐの)う • (tsugunou) ←つぐのふ (tugunofu)?transitive godan (stem 償(つぐの)い (tsugunoi), past 償(つぐの)った (tsugunotta))

  1. (archaic, now nonstandard) Same as つぐなう (tsugunau) above
  2. (archaic, obsolete) to use, utilize
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
償
まど
Grade: S
irregular
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Cognate with 惑う (madou)?”

Pronunciation

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Verb

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償(まど)う • (madou) ←まどふ (madofu)?transitive godan (stem 償(まど)い (madoi), past 償(まど)った (madotta))

  1. (dialectal) to compensate

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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