和らぐ

Japanese

Kanji in this term
和
やわ Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Etymology

/japaraɡu/ → /jafaraɡu/ → /jawaraɡu/

From Old Japanese. Derived from adjective and adverb 柔ら (yawara, “soft; gentle”), in turn derived from Old Japanese adjective 柔・和 (yapa, classical yafa and modern yawa, “soft; gentle; fragile”).^[1]^[2] Possibly influenced by 弱い (yowai, “weak; fragile”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) やわらぐ [yàwáráꜜgù] (Nakadaka – [3])^[2]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [ja̠β̞a̠ɾa̠ɡɯ̟]

Verb

和(やわ)らぐ • (yawaragu) ^{←やはらぐ (yafaragu)^?}intransitive godan (stem 和(やわ)らぎ (yawaragi), past 和(やわ)らいだ (yawaraida))

(physical properties) to soften, to become soft
(said of a person or situation) to become peaceful and calm
(said of a person or situation) to become gentle and mild
(said of relations between people) to become harmonious

Conjugation

Conjugation of "和らぐ" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	和らが	やわらぐが	yawaraguga
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	和らぎ	やわらぐぎ	yawaragugi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	和らぐ	やわらぐぐ	yawaragugu
Rentaikei ("attributive")	和らぐ	やわらぐぐ	yawaragugu
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	和らげ	やわらぐげ	yawaraguge
Meireikei ("imperative")	和らげ	やわらぐげ	yawaraguge
Key constructions
Passive	和らがれる	やわらぐがれる	yawaragugareru
Causative	和らがせる和らがす	やわらぐがせるやわらぐがす	yawaragugaseru yawaragugasu
Potential	和らげる	やわらぐげる	yawaragugeru
Volitional	和らごう	やわらぐごう	yawaragugō
Negative	和らがない	やわらぐがない	yawaraguganai
Negative continuative	和らがず	やわらぐがず	yawaragugazu
Formal	和らぎます	やわらぐぎます	yawaragugimasu
Perfective	和らいだ	やわらぐいだ	yawaraguida
Conjunctive	和らいで	やわらぐいで	yawaraguide
Hypothetical conditional	和らげば	やわらぐげば	yawaragugeba

Verb

和(やわ)らぐ • (yawaragu) ^{←やはらぐ (yafaragu)^?}transitive ^†nidan

(obsolete, physical properties) to soften something, to make something soft
(obsolete, said of a person or situation) to make something peaceful and calm
(obsolete, said of a person or situation) to make something gentle and mild
(obsolete, said of relations between people) to make something harmonious

Usage notes

The transitive sense has been superseded by the modern form 和らげる (yawarageru).^[1]^[2]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK5-4] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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