柔
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Contents
TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
柔 (radical 75 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓竹木 (NHD), four-corner 17904, composition ⿱矛木)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 519, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14622
- Dae Jaweon: page 907, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1192, character 2
- Unihan data for U+67D4
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
柔 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph originEdit
| Characters in the same phonetic series (矛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 堥 | *muː, *mu |
| 蓩 | *muːʔ, *moːɡ |
| 猱 | *ml'uː, *mljiwʔ, *ml'us |
| 茅 | *mruː |
| 罞 | *mruː, *muːŋ |
| 蝥 | *mruː, *mu, *mo, *moɡs |
| 鶜 | *mruː |
| 瞀 | *moːɡs, *mroːɡ |
| 愗 | *moːɡs |
| 袤 | *mus |
| 雺 | *mus, *mu, *muːŋ, *muːŋs |
| 懋 | *mus |
| 楙 | *mus |
| 矛 | *mu |
| 蟊 | *mu |
| 髳 | *mu, *muːŋ |
| 鍪 | *mu |
| 鞪 | *mu, *moːɡ |
| 糅 | *ml'us |
| 腬 | *ml'us, *mlju |
| 柔 | *mlju |
| 揉 | *mju |
| 蹂 | *mju, *mjuʔ, *mjus |
| 鍒 | *mju |
| 騥 | *mju |
| 蝚 | *mju |
| 葇 | *mju, *mjuʔ |
| 鞣 | *mju, *mjus |
| 鰇 | *mju |
| 瑈 | *mju |
| 鶔 | *mju |
| 楺 | *mjuʔ |
| 煣 | *mjuʔ, *mjus |
| 輮 | *mjuʔ, *mjus |
| 韖 | *mjuʔ |
| 敄 | *moʔ, *mos |
| 務 | *moɡs |
| 鶩 | *moɡs, *moːɡ |
| 騖 | *moɡs |
| 婺 | *moɡs |
| 霚 | *moɡs, *moːŋ |
| 嵍 | *moɡs |
| 霧 | *moɡs, *moːŋ |
| 霿 | *moːŋ, *moːŋs |
| 楘 | *moːɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意): 矛 + 木 (“tree”) – wood soft enough that it can easily be cut.
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄖㄡˊ
- Wade-Giles: jou2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rou
- IPA (key): /ʐoʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jau4
- Yale: yàuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: jau4
- Guangdong Romanization: yeo4
- IPA (key): /jɐu̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Nan
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 柔 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʐou³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ʐou²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /iou⁴⁵/ /ʐou⁴⁵/ |
|
| Jinan | /ʐou⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /iou⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʐou⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ʐou²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ʐɯ²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʐəu⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʐou⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ʐɤu⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /nəu²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /zəu³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /zəu²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ʐəu³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʐəɯ²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ʐɯ⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /zəu¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /ʐəu¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ʐəu³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zɤ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /zɤ¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /zei²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /jɤu³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /iu⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | ||
| Xiang | Changsha | /iəu¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /iəɯ¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /iu¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /ʒiu¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jɐu²¹/ |
| Nanning | /jɐu²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /jɐu²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /liu³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ieu⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /iu²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /zĩu⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ziu²¹³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 柔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 耳由切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ȵɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ȵiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ȵʑiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ȵuw/ |
| Li Rong |
/ȵiu/ |
| Wang Li |
/ȵʑĭəu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ȵʑi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
róu |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 柔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
róu |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ nyuw › |
| Old Chinese |
/*nu/ |
| English | soft |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 柔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8825 |
| Phonetic component |
矛 |
| Rime group |
幽 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
柔 |
| Old Chinese |
/*mlju/ |
DefinitionsEdit
柔
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 柔
|
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
柔
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
ReadingsEdit
- Goon: にゅう (nyū, Jōyō)←にう (niu, historical)
- Kan’on: じゅう (jū, Jōyō)←じう (ziu, historical)
- Kun: やわらか (yawaraka, 柔らか, Jōyō)←やはらか (yafaraka, historical); やわらかい (yawarakai, 柔らかい, Jōyō)←やはらかい (yafarakai, historical); やわらげる (yawarageru, 柔らげる)←やはらげる (yafarageru, historical); やわらぐ (yawaragu, 柔らぐ)←やはらぐ (yafaragu, historical)
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 柔 |
| やわ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
PronunciationEdit
Adjectival nounEdit
柔 (-na inflection, hiragana やわ, rōmaji yawa, historical hiragana やは)
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
柔 (hiragana やわら, rōmaji yawara, historical hiragana やはら)
- A small handheld metal weapon; like a 'fist-iron'; either one or two small, thick sticks which stick out about an inch from each side of the hand, usually used in pairs to initiate throws, bone breaks, and pressure point strikes; inspired from the vajra/kongō.
See alsoEdit
柔 on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ja
Etymology 3Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 柔 |
| じゅう Grade: S |
| on'yomi |
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
柔 (hiragana じゅう, rōmaji jū, historical hiragana じう)
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
柔 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune-Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.