柔

Contents

TranslingualEdit

EtymologyEdit

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 矛 + 木 ‎(“tree”) – wood soft enough that it can easily be cut.

Han characterEdit

柔 (radical 75 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓竹木 (NHD), four-corner 1790₄, composition ⿱矛木)

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 519, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14622
• Dae Jaweon: page 907, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1192, character 2
• Unihan data for U+67D4

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ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		柔

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): róu (rou²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄡˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jau⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: róu
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄡˊ
    • Wade-Giles: jou²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rou
    • IPA ^(key): /ʐoʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jau⁴
    • Yale: yàuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jau⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯²¹/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 柔
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʐou³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʐou²⁴/
	Tianjin	/iou⁴⁵/ /ʐou⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʐou⁴²/
	Qingdao	/iou⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʐou⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ʐou²⁴/
	Xining	/ʐɯ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ʐəu⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʐou⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʐɤu⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/nəu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/zəu³¹/
	Guiyang	/zəu²¹/
	Kunming	/ʐəu³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʐəɯ²⁴/
	Hefei	/ʐɯ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/zəu¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ʐəu¹³/
	Hohhot	/ʐəu³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zɤ²³/
	Suzhou	/zɤ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/zei²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/jɤu³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/iu⁴⁴/
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/iəu¹³/
	Xiangtan	/iəɯ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/iu¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/ʒiu¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jɐu²¹/
	Nanning	/jɐu²¹/
	Hong Kong	/jɐu²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/liu³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ieu⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/iu²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/zĩu⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ziu²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ȵɨu/▼

Rime
Character	柔
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	耳由切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiu/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵuw/
Li Rong	/ȵiu/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	róu

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*nu/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mlju/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	柔
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	róu
Middle Chinese	‹ nyuw ›
Old Chinese	/*nu/
English	soft
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	柔
Reading #	1/1
No.	8825
Phonetic component	矛
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	柔
Old Chinese	/*mlju/

DefinitionsEdit

1. soft
2. gentle, pliant

CompoundsEdit

• 柔肠寸断
• 柔道 (róudào)
• 柔和
• 柔滑
• 柔麻
• 柔美
• 柔媚
• 柔嫩
• 柔懦
• 柔情
• 柔韧
• 柔软
• 柔软体操
• 柔润
• 柔弱
• 柔声
• 柔顺
• 柔婉
• 柔细
• 柔中有刚
• 柔術 (róushù)

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

柔

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: にゅう (nyū) < にう (niu)
• Kan’on: じゅう (jū) < じう (jiu)
• Kun: やわらかい (yawarakai) < やはらかい (yaharakai), やわらげる (yawarageru) < やはらげる (yaharageru), やわらぐ (yawaragu) < やはらぐ (yaharagu)

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

柔術 (じゅうじゅつ) ‎(jūjutsu) 柔順 (じゅうじゅん) ‎(jūjun) 柔道 (じゅうどう) ‎(jūdō) 柔軟 (じゅうなん) ‎(jūnan) 柔和 (にゅうわ) ‎(nyūwa): gentleness, meekness, mildness

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
柔
やわ Grade: S
kun'yomi

PronunciationEdit

• Kun'yomi
• (Tokyo) や​わ [yáꜜwà] (Atamadaka - [1])
• IPA^(key): [ja̠ɰᵝa̠]

Adjectival nounEdit

柔 ‎(-na inflection, hiragana やわ, romaji yawa, historical hiragana やは)

1. weak

Etymology 2Edit

NounEdit

柔 ‎(hiragana やわら, romaji yawara, historical hiragana やはら)

1. A small handheld metal weapon; like a 'fist-iron'; either one or two small, thick sticks which stick out about an inch from each side of the hand--usually used in pairs to initiate throws, bone breaks, and pressure point strikes; inspired from the vajra/kongō.

See alsoEdit

• 柔 on the Japanese Wikipedia.ja.Wikipedia

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
柔
じゅう Grade: S
on'yomi

PronunciationEdit

• On'yomi: Kan'on
• (Tokyo) じゅ​う [júꜜù] (Atamadaka - [1])
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑɯᵝː]

NounEdit

柔 ‎(hiragana じゅう, romaji jū, historical hiragana じう)

1. softness

ReferencesEdit

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

柔 • ‎(yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune-Reischauer yu, Yale yu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

柔 (nhu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.