柔

柔 U+67D4, 柔 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67D4 ← 染 [U+67D3] CJK Unified Ideographs 柕 → [U+67D5]

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

柔 (radical 75 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓竹木 (NHD), four-corner 1790₄, composition ⿱矛木)

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 519, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14622
• Dae Jaweon: page 907, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1192, character 2
• Unihan data for U+67D4

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ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		柔

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (矛) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
堥	*muː, *mu
蓩	*muːʔ, *moːɡ
猱	*ml'uː, *mljiwʔ, *ml'us
茅	*mruː
罞	*mruː, *muːŋ
蝥	*mruː, *mu, *mo, *moɡs
鶜	*mruː
瞀	*moːɡs, *mroːɡ
愗	*moːɡs
袤	*mus
雺	*mus, *mu, *muːŋ, *muːŋs
懋	*mus
楙	*mus
矛	*mu
蟊	*mu
髳	*mu, *muːŋ
鍪	*mu
鞪	*mu, *moːɡ
糅	*ml'us
腬	*ml'us, *mlju
柔	*mlju
揉	*mju
蹂	*mju, *mjuʔ, *mjus
鍒	*mju
騥	*mju
蝚	*mju
葇	*mju, *mjuʔ
鞣	*mju, *mjus
鰇	*mju
瑈	*mju
鶔	*mju
楺	*mjuʔ
煣	*mjuʔ, *mjus
輮	*mjuʔ, *mjus
韖	*mjuʔ
敄	*moʔ, *mos
務	*moɡs
鶩	*moɡs, *moːɡ
騖	*moɡs
婺	*moɡs
霚	*moɡs, *moːŋ
嵍	*moɡs
霧	*moɡs, *moːŋ
霿	*moːŋ, *moːŋs
楘	*moːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 矛 + 木 (“tree”) – wood soft enough that it can easily be cut.

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): róu (rou²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄡˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jau⁴
• Min Nan (POJ): liû / jiû

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: róu
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄡˊ
    • Wade-Giles: jou²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rou
    • IPA ^(key): /ʐoʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jau⁴
    • Yale: yàuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yeo⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯²¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liû
    • Tâi-lô: liû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liuu
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liu²⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /liu²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /liu²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiû
    • Tâi-lô: jiû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jiuu
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑiu²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑiu¹³/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 柔
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʐou³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʐou²⁴/
	Tianjin	/iou⁴⁵/ /ʐou⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʐou⁴²/
	Qingdao	/iou⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʐou⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ʐou²⁴/
	Xining	/ʐɯ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ʐəu⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʐou⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʐɤu⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/nəu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/zəu³¹/
	Guiyang	/zəu²¹/
	Kunming	/ʐəu³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʐəɯ²⁴/
	Hefei	/ʐɯ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/zəu¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ʐəu¹³/
	Hohhot	/ʐəu³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zɤ²³/
	Suzhou	/zɤ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/zei²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/jɤu³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/iu⁴⁴/
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/iəu¹³/
	Xiangtan	/iəɯ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/iu¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/ʒiu¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jɐu²¹/
	Nanning	/jɐu²¹/
	Hong Kong	/jɐu²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/liu³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ieu⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/iu²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/zĩu⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ziu²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ȵɨu/▼

Rime
Character	柔
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	耳由切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiu/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵuw/
Li Rong	/ȵiu/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	róu

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*nu/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mlju/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	柔
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	róu
Middle Chinese	‹ nyuw ›
Old Chinese	/*nu/
English	soft
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	柔
Reading #	1/1
No.	8825
Phonetic component	矛
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	柔
Old Chinese	/*mlju/

DefinitionsEdit

柔

1. soft
2. gentle, pliant

CompoundsEdit

• 柔肠寸断
• 柔道 (róudào)
• 柔和
• 柔滑
• 柔麻
• 柔美
• 柔媚
• 柔嫩
• 柔懦
• 柔情
• 柔韧
• 柔软
• 柔软体操
• 柔润
• 柔弱
• 柔声
• 柔顺
• 柔婉
• 柔细
• 柔中有刚
• 柔術 (róushù)

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

柔

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: にゅう (nyū, Jōyō)^{←にう (niu, historical)}
• Kan’on: じゅう (jū, Jōyō)^{←じう (jiu, historical)}
• Kun: やわらか (yawaraka, 柔らか, Jōyō)^{←やはらか (yaharaka, 柔らか, historical)}; やわらかい (yawarakai, 柔らかい, Jōyō)^{←やはらかい (yaharakai, 柔らかい, historical)}; やわらげる (yawarageru, 柔らげる)^{←やはらげる (yaharageru, 柔らげる, historical)}; やわらぐ (yawaragu, 柔らぐ)^{←やはらぐ (yaharagu, 柔らぐ, historical)}

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

• 柔術 (じゅうじゅつ) (jūjutsu)
• 柔順 (じゅうじゅん) (jūjun)
• 柔道 (じゅうどう) (jūdō)
• 柔軟 (じゅうなん) (jūnan)
• 柔和 (にゅうわ) (nyūwa): gentleness, meekness, mildness

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
柔
やわ Grade: S
kun'yomi

PronunciationEdit

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) や​わ [yáꜜwà] (Atamadaka - [1])
• IPA^(key): [ja̠ɰᵝa̠]

Adjectival nounEdit

柔 (-na inflection, hiragana やわ, rōmaji yawa, historical hiragana やは)

1. weak

Etymology 2Edit

NounEdit

柔 (hiragana やわら, rōmaji yawara, historical hiragana やはら)

1. A small handheld metal weapon; like a 'fist-iron'; either one or two small, thick sticks which stick out about an inch from each side of the hand, usually used in pairs to initiate throws, bone breaks, and pressure point strikes; inspired from the vajra/kongō.

See alsoEdit

• 柔 on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ja

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
柔
じゅう Grade: S
on'yomi

PronunciationEdit

• On’yomi: Kan’on
• (Tokyo) じゅ​う [júꜜù] (Atamadaka - [1])
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑɯ̟ᵝː]

NounEdit

柔 (hiragana じゅう, rōmaji jū, historical hiragana じう)

1. softness

ReferencesEdit

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

柔 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune-Reischauer yu, Yale yu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

柔 (nhu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.