柔

柔 U+67D4, 柔 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67D4 ← 染 [U+67D3] CJK Unified Ideographs 柕 → [U+67D5]

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

柔 (radical 75 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓竹木 (NHD), four-corner 1790₄, composition ⿱矛木)

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 519, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14622
• Dae Jaweon: page 907, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1192, character 2
• Unihan data for U+67D4

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ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		柔

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (矛) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
堥	*muː, *mu
蓩	*muːʔ, *moːɡ
猱	*ml'uː, *mljiwʔ, *ml'us
茅	*mruː
罞	*mruː, *muːŋ
蝥	*mruː, *mu, *mo, *moɡs
鶜	*mruː
瞀	*moːɡs, *mroːɡ
愗	*moːɡs
袤	*mus
雺	*mus, *mu, *muːŋ, *muːŋs
懋	*mus
楙	*mus
矛	*mu
蟊	*mu
髳	*mu, *muːŋ
鍪	*mu
鞪	*mu, *moːɡ
糅	*ml'us
腬	*ml'us, *mlju
柔	*mlju
揉	*mju
蹂	*mju, *mjuʔ, *mjus
鍒	*mju
騥	*mju
蝚	*mju
葇	*mju, *mjuʔ
鞣	*mju, *mjus
鰇	*mju
瑈	*mju
鶔	*mju
楺	*mjuʔ
煣	*mjuʔ, *mjus
輮	*mjuʔ, *mjus
韖	*mjuʔ
敄	*moʔ, *mos
務	*moɡs
鶩	*moɡs, *moːɡ
騖	*moɡs
婺	*moɡs
霚	*moɡs, *moːŋ
嵍	*moɡs
霧	*moɡs, *moːŋ
霿	*moːŋ, *moːŋs
楘	*moːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 矛 + 木 (“tree”) – wood soft enough that it can easily be cut.

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): róu (rou²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄡˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jau⁴
• Min Nan (POJ): liû / jiû

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: róu
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄡˊ
    • Wade-Giles: jou²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rou
    • IPA ^(key): /ʐoʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jau⁴
    • Yale: yàuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yeo⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯²¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liû
    • Tâi-lô: liû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liuu
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /liu²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiû
    • Tâi-lô: jiû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jiuu
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑiu²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑiu¹³/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 柔
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʐou³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʐou²⁴/
	Tianjin	/iou⁴⁵/ /ʐou⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʐou⁴²/
	Qingdao	/iou⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʐou⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ʐou²⁴/
	Xining	/ʐɯ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ʐəu⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʐou⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʐɤu⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/nəu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/zəu³¹/
	Guiyang	/zəu²¹/
	Kunming	/ʐəu³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʐəɯ²⁴/
	Hefei	/ʐɯ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/zəu¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ʐəu¹³/
	Hohhot	/ʐəu³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zɤ²³/
	Suzhou	/zɤ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/zei²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/jɤu³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/iu⁴⁴/
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/iəu¹³/
	Xiangtan	/iəɯ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/iu¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/ʒiu¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jɐu²¹/
	Nanning	/jɐu²¹/
	Hong Kong	/jɐu²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/liu³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ieu⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/iu²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/zĩu⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ziu²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ȵɨu/▼

Rime
Character	柔
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	耳由切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiu/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵuw/
Li Rong	/ȵiu/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	róu

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*nu/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mlju/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	柔
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	róu
Middle Chinese	‹ nyuw ›
Old Chinese	/*nu/
English	soft
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	柔
Reading #	1/1
No.	8825
Phonetic component	矛
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	柔
Old Chinese	/*mlju/

DefinitionsEdit

柔

1. soft; supple
2. to soften
3. gentle; pliant
4. to make gentle
5. (～州) Short for 柔佛 (Róufó, “Johor”).

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 柔

• 以柔克剛／以柔克刚
• 以柔制剛／以柔制刚
• 俠骨柔腸／侠骨柔肠
• 優柔／优柔
• 優柔寡斷／优柔寡断 (yōuróuguǎduàn)
• 克柔
• 內柔外剛／内柔外刚 (nèiróuwàigāng)
• 剛柔／刚柔 (gāngróu)
• 剛柔並濟／刚柔并济
• 剛柔相濟／刚柔相济 (gāngróuxiāngjì)
• 吐剛茹柔／吐刚茹柔
• 善柔
• 外剛內柔／外刚内柔
• 外柔內剛／外柔内刚
• 嬌柔／娇柔 (jiāoróu)
• 懷柔／怀柔 (huáiróu)
• 摧剛為柔／摧刚为柔
• 柔中有剛／柔中有刚
• 柔光鏡／柔光镜
• 柔克
• 柔化 (róuhuà)
• 柔和 (róuhé)
• 柔嘉
• 柔婉
• 柔媚
• 柔嫩 (róunèn)
• 柔弱 (róuruò)
• 柔心弱骨
• 柔性勸導／柔性劝导
• 柔性憲法／柔性宪法

• 柔情
• 柔情密意
• 柔情綽態／柔情绰态
• 柔情萬千／柔情万千
• 柔懦
• 柔懦寡斷／柔懦寡断
• 柔握
• 柔日
• 柔枝嫩葉／柔枝嫩叶
• 柔柯
• 柔條／柔条
• 柔毫
• 柔滑
• 柔潤／柔润
• 柔然 (Róurán)
• 柔細／柔细
• 柔美
• 柔翰
• 柔聲／柔声
• 柔聲下氣／柔声下气
• 柔能克剛／柔能克刚
• 柔能制剛／柔能制刚
• 柔腸／柔肠
• 柔腸寸斷／柔肠寸断
• 柔腸百結／柔肠百结
• 柔腸百轉／柔肠百转
• 柔舌
• 柔色
• 柔若無骨／柔若无骨

• 柔茹剛吐／柔茹刚吐
• 柔茹寡斷／柔茹寡断
• 柔荑 (róutí)
• 柔術／柔术 (róushù)
• 柔軟／柔软 (róuruǎn)
• 柔軟體操／柔软体操
• 柔道 (róudào)
• 柔遠／柔远
• 柔遠能邇／柔远能迩
• 柔韌／柔韧 (róurèn)
• 柔順／柔顺 (róushùn)
• 柔麻
• 桑柔
• 溫柔／温柔 (wēnróu)
• 溫柔敦厚／温柔敦厚
• 溫柔鄉／温柔乡
• 玉柔
• 玉軟花柔／玉软花柔
• 細柔／细柔
• 繞指柔／绕指柔
• 纖柔／纤柔
• 腼腆溫柔／腼腆温柔
• 茹柔吐剛／茹柔吐刚
• 軟柔柔／软柔柔
• 輕柔／轻柔
• 輯柔／辑柔
• 鐵骨柔情／铁骨柔情
• 陰柔害物／阴柔害物
• 韋柔／韦柔

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

柔

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: にゅう (nyū, Jōyō)^{←にう (niu, historical)}
• Kan’on: じゅう (jū, Jōyō)^{←じう (ziu, historical)}
• Kun: やわらか (yawaraka, 柔らか, Jōyō)^{←やはらか (yafaraka, historical)}; やわらかい (yawarakai, 柔らかい, Jōyō)^{←やはらかい (yafarakai, historical)}; やわらげる (yawarageru, 柔らげる)^{←やはらげる (yafarageru, historical)}; やわらぐ (yawaragu, 柔らぐ)^{←やはらぐ (yafaragu, historical)}

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

• 柔術 (じゅうじゅつ) (jūjutsu)
• 柔 (じゅう)順 (じゅん) (jūjun)
• 柔 (じゅう)道 (どう) (jūdō)
• 柔 (じゅう)軟 (なん) (jūnan)
• 柔 (にゅう)和 (わ) (nyūwa): gentleness, meekness, mildness

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
柔
やわ Grade: S
kun’yomi

PronunciationEdit

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) や​わ [yáꜜwà] (Atamadaka – [1])
  • IPA^(key): [ja̠ɰᵝa̠]

Adjectival nounEdit

柔 (-na inflection, hiragana やわ, rōmaji yawa, historical hiragana やは)

1. weak

Etymology 2Edit

NounEdit

柔 (hiragana やわら, rōmaji yawara, historical hiragana やはら)

1. A small handheld metal weapon; like a 'fist-iron'; either one or two small, thick sticks which stick out about an inch from each side of the hand, usually used in pairs to initiate throws, bone breaks, and pressure point strikes; inspired from the vajra/kongō.

See alsoEdit

• 柔 on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ja

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
柔
じゅう Grade: S
on’yomi

PronunciationEdit

• On’yomi: Kan’on
  • (Tokyo) じゅ​う [júꜜù] (Atamadaka – [1])
  • IPA^(key): [d͡ʑɨᵝː]

NounEdit

柔 (hiragana じゅう, rōmaji jū, historical hiragana じう)

1. softness

ReferencesEdit

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

柔 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune-Reischauer yu, Yale yu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

柔 (nhu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.