U+67D4, 柔
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67D4

[U+67D3]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+67D5]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 75, +5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓竹木 (NHD), four-corner 17904, composition )

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 519, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14622
  • Dae Jaweon: page 907, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1192, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+67D4

Chinese

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trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *mlju) : phonetic (OC *mu) + semantic (tree) – wood soft enough that it can easily be cut.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *now (tender; soft), which has also been compared to (OC *njonʔ, “soft”), (OC *njewɢ, “weak”), (OC *njuɡ, “meat”), (OC *noːls, *njo, “cowardly”), (OC *njɯmʔ, “weak”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).

“ronto-”
Phono-semantic matching of English ronto-. Coined by the China National Committee for Terminology in Science and Technology and the State Administration for Market Regulation on World Metrology Day in 2023 (20 May 2023).

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʐou³⁵/
Harbin /ʐou²⁴/
Tianjin /iou⁴⁵/
/ʐou⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʐou⁴²/
Qingdao /iou⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʐou⁴²/
Xi'an /ʐou²⁴/
Xining /ʐɯ²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʐəu⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʐou⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʐɤu⁵¹/
Wuhan /nəu²¹³/
Chengdu /zəu³¹/
Guiyang /zəu²¹/
Kunming /ʐəu³¹/
Nanjing /ʐəɯ²⁴/
Hefei /ʐɯ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /zəu¹¹/
Pingyao /ʐəu¹³/
Hohhot /ʐəu³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zɤ²³/
Suzhou /zɤ¹³/
Hangzhou /zei²¹³/
Wenzhou /jɤu³¹/
Hui Shexian /iu⁴⁴/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /iəu¹³/
Xiangtan /iəɯ¹²/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /iu¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʒiu¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐu²¹/
Nanning /jɐu²¹/
Hong Kong /jɐu²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /liu³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ieu⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /iu²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /zĩu⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ziu²¹³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (38)
Final () (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter nyuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ȵɨu/
Pan
Wuyun
/ȵiu/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȵʑiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ȵuw/
Li
Rong
/ȵiu/
Wang
Li
/ȵʑĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ȵʑi̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
róu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jau4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
róu
Middle
Chinese
‹ nyuw ›
Old
Chinese
/*nu/
English soft

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 8825
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*mlju/

Definitions

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  1. soft; supple
  2. to soften
  3. gentle; pliant
  4. to make gentle
  5. () Short for 柔佛 (Róufó, “Johor”).
  6. [from 2023] (Mainland China) ronto- (SI unit prefix)
    Synonym: (róng) (Taiwan)

Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (じゅう) ()
  • Korean: 유(柔) (yu)
  • Vietnamese: nhu ()

Compounds

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See also

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SI prefix
Last Next
/ // //

Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
じゅう
Grade: S
kan'on

/d͡ʑɨu//d͡ʑuː//ʑuː/

From Middle Chinese (MC nyuw).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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(じゅう) (ぢう (diu)?

  1. gentle, soft, supple
  2. calm, gentle, mild, peaceful
  3. calm, relieve, soften
  4. martial art involving gentleness, such as jujitsu or judo
Derived terms
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Noun

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(じゅう) (じう (ziu)?

  1. gentleness, softness, suppleness; also, such an object
Derived terms
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Idioms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
にゅう
Grade: S
goon

/nɨu//ɲuː/

From Middle Chinese (MC nyuw).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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(にゅう) (nyūにう (niu)?

  1. gentle, supple, weak
  2. kindhearted
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
やわ
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling

/jaɸa//jawa/

Possibly a back-formation of 柔柔 (yawayawa, soft, supple).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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(やわ) (yawaやは (yafa)?-na (adnominal (やわ) (yawa na), adverbial (やわ) (yawa ni))

  1. weak
Derived terms
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Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
やわ(ら)
Grade: S
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry: 柔ら

(The following entry is uncreated: 柔ら.)

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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(yu) (hangeul , revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: nhu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.