柔
|
Translingual edit
Han character edit
柔 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓竹木 (NHD), four-corner 17904, composition ⿱矛木)
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 519, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14622
- Dae Jaweon: page 907, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1192, character 2
- Unihan data for U+67D4
Chinese edit
trad. | 柔 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 柔 |
Glyph origin edit
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
堥 | *muː, *mu |
蓩 | *muːʔ, *moːɡ |
猱 | *ml'uː, *mljiwʔ, *ml'us |
茅 | *mruː |
罞 | *mruː, *muːŋ |
蝥 | *mruː, *mu, *mo, *moɡs |
鶜 | *mruː |
瞀 | *moːɡs, *mroːɡ |
愗 | *moːɡs |
袤 | *mus |
雺 | *mus, *mu, *muːŋ, *muːŋs |
懋 | *mus |
楙 | *mus |
矛 | *mu |
蟊 | *mu |
髳 | *mu, *muːŋ |
鍪 | *mu |
鞪 | *mu, *moːɡ |
糅 | *ml'us |
腬 | *ml'us, *mlju |
柔 | *mlju |
揉 | *mju |
蹂 | *mju, *mjuʔ, *mjus |
鍒 | *mju |
騥 | *mju |
蝚 | *mju |
葇 | *mju, *mjuʔ |
鞣 | *mju, *mjus |
鰇 | *mju |
瑈 | *mju |
鶔 | *mju |
楺 | *mjuʔ |
煣 | *mjuʔ, *mjus |
輮 | *mjuʔ, *mjus |
韖 | *mjuʔ |
敄 | *moʔ, *mos |
務 | *moɡs |
鶩 | *moɡs, *moːɡ |
騖 | *moɡs |
婺 | *moɡs |
霚 | *moɡs, *moːŋ |
嵍 | *moɡs |
霧 | *moɡs, *moːŋ |
霿 | *moːŋ, *moːŋs |
楘 | *moːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *mlju) : phonetic 矛 (OC *mu) + semantic 木 (“tree”) – wood soft enough that it can easily be cut.
Etymology edit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *now (“tender; soft”), which has also been compared to 軟 (OC *njonʔ, “soft”), 弱 (OC *njewɢ, “weak”), 肉 (OC *njuɡ, “meat”), 懦 (OC *noːls, *njo, “cowardly”), 荏 (OC *njɯmʔ, “weak”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).
- “ronto-”
- Phono-semantic matching of English ronto-. Coined by the China National Committee for Terminology in Science and Technology and the State Administration for Market Regulation on World Metrology Day in 2023 (20 May 2023).
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
柔
- soft; supple
- to soften
- gentle; pliant
- to make gentle
- (~州) Short for 柔佛 (Róufó, “Johor”).
- [from 2023] (Mainland China) ronto- (SI unit prefix)
Descendants edit
Compounds edit
- 以柔克剛/以柔克刚
- 以柔制剛/以柔制刚
- 俠骨柔腸/侠骨柔肠
- 優柔/优柔
- 優柔寡斷/优柔寡断 (yōuróuguǎduàn)
- 克柔
- 內柔外剛/内柔外刚 (nèiróuwàigāng)
- 剛柔/刚柔 (gāngróu)
- 剛柔並濟/刚柔并济
- 剛柔相濟/刚柔相济 (gāngróuxiāngjì)
- 吐剛茹柔/吐刚茹柔
- 善柔
- 外剛內柔/外刚内柔
- 外柔內剛/外柔内刚
- 嬌柔/娇柔 (jiāoróu)
- 懷柔/怀柔 (huáiróu)
- 摧剛為柔/摧刚为柔
- 柔中有剛/柔中有刚
- 柔光鏡/柔光镜
- 柔克
- 柔化 (róuhuà)
- 柔和 (róuhé)
- 柔嘉
- 柔婉
- 柔媚 (róumèi)
- 柔嫩 (róunèn)
- 柔弱 (róuruò)
- 柔心弱骨
- 柔性勸導/柔性劝导
- 柔性憲法/柔性宪法
- 柔情 (róuqíng)
- 柔情密意
- 柔情萬千/柔情万千
- 柔情綽態/柔情绰态
- 柔懦
- 柔懦寡斷/柔懦寡断
- 柔握
- 柔日
- 柔枝嫩葉/柔枝嫩叶
- 柔柯
- 柔條/柔条
- 柔毫
- 柔滑
- 柔潤/柔润
- 柔然 (Róurán)
- 柔細/柔细
- 柔美 (róuměi)
- 柔翰
- 柔聲/柔声
- 柔聲下氣/柔声下气
- 柔能克剛/柔能克刚
- 柔能制剛/柔能制刚
- 柔腸/柔肠 (róucháng)
- 柔腸寸斷/柔肠寸断 (róuchángcùnduàn)
- 柔腸百結/柔肠百结
- 柔腸百轉/柔肠百转
- 柔舌
- 柔色
- 柔若無骨/柔若无骨
- 柔荑 (róutí)
- 柔茹剛吐/柔茹刚吐
- 柔茹寡斷/柔茹寡断
- 柔術/柔术 (róushù)
- 柔軟/柔软 (róuruǎn)
- 柔軟體操/柔软体操
- 柔道 (róudào)
- 柔遠/柔远 (róuyuǎn)
- 柔遠能邇/柔远能迩
- 柔韌/柔韧 (róurèn)
- 柔順/柔顺 (róushùn)
- 柔麻
- 桑柔
- 溫柔/温柔 (wēnróu)
- 溫柔敦厚/温柔敦厚
- 溫柔鄉/温柔乡
- 玉柔
- 玉軟花柔/玉软花柔
- 細柔/细柔
- 繞指柔/绕指柔
- 纖柔/纤柔
- 腼腆溫柔
- 茹柔吐剛/茹柔吐刚
- 軟柔柔/软柔柔
- 輕柔/轻柔
- 輯柔/辑柔
- 鐵骨柔情/铁骨柔情
- 陰柔害物/阴柔害物
- 韋柔/韦柔
See also edit
SI prefix | ||
---|---|---|
Last | Next | |
攸/幺 | 絨/柔/绒/柔 | 匱/虧/匮/亏 |
Japanese edit
Kanji edit
Readings edit
- Go-on: にゅう (nyū, Jōyō)←にう (niu, historical)
- Kan-on: じゅう (jū, Jōyō)←じう (ziu, historical)
- Kun: やわらか (yawaraka, 柔らか, Jōyō)←やはらか (yafaraka, 柔らか, historical); やわらかい (yawarakai, 柔らかい, Jōyō)←やはらかい (yafarakai, 柔らかい, historical); やわらぐ (yawaragu, 柔らぐ)←やはらぐ (yafaragu, 柔らぐ, historical); やわらげる (yawarageru, 柔らげる)←やはらげる (yafarageru, 柔らげる, historical)
- Nanori: とお (tō)←とほ (tofo, historical); なり (nari); やす (yasu); よし (yoshi)
Compounds edit
- 外柔内剛 (gaijūnaigō)
- 柔柔 (yawayawa)
Etymology 1 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
柔 |
じゅう Grade: S |
kan’on |
/d͡ʑɨu/ → /d͡ʑuː/ → /ʑuː/
From Middle Chinese 柔 (MC nyuw).
The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) reading, so likely a later borrowing.
Pronunciation edit
Affix edit
- gentle, soft, supple
- calm, gentle, mild, peaceful
- calm, relieve, soften
- martial art involving gentleness, such as jujitsu or judo
Derived terms edit
Noun edit
- gentleness, softness, suppleness; also, such an object
Derived terms edit
Idioms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
柔 |
にゅう Grade: S |
goon |
/nɨu/ → /ɲuː/
From Middle Chinese 柔 (MC nyuw).
The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese.
Pronunciation edit
Affix edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
柔 |
やわ Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
和 |
/jaɸa/ → /jawa/
Possibly a back-formation of 柔柔 (yawayawa, “soft, supple”).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
柔 • (yawa) ←やは (yafa)?-na (adnominal 柔な (yawa na), adverbial 柔に (yawa ni))
Derived terms edit
Etymology 4 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
柔 |
やわ(ら) Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 柔 – see the following entry: 柔ら |
(The following entry is uncreated: 柔ら.)
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
Korean edit
Hanja edit
柔 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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