尊ぶ

Japanese edit

Kanji in this term
尊
とうと Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
貴ぶ

Etymology edit

尊 (tōto, tatto, stem of 尊い (tōtoi, tattoi, “noble, exalted, sacred”)) +‎ ぶ (-bu, “to act like”)^[1]^[2]

The ぶ (-bu) suffix usually conjugated with the upper bigrade pattern (上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō)), and 尊ぶ conjugated this way in Old Japanese.^[1]^[3] Since the Heian period, 尊ぶ shifted to conjugate using the classical yodan pattern, the precursor to the modern godan conjugation (五段活用 (godan katsuyō)).^[1]

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) とーとぶ [tòótóꜜbù] (Nakadaka – [3])^[1]^[4]^[5]
IPA^(key): [to̞ːto̞bɯ̟ᵝ]

(Tokyo) たっとぶ [tàttóꜜbù] (Nakadaka – [3])^[1]^[4]^[5]
IPA^(key): [ta̠t̚to̞bɯ̟ᵝ]

Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "尊ぶ"

Stem forms
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形)	尊ぶ	とーとぶ	`[tòótóꜜbù]`
Imperative (命令形)	尊べ	とーとべ	`[tòótóꜜbè]`
Key constructions
Passive	尊ばれる	とーとばれる	`[tòótóbáréꜜrù]`
Causative	尊ばせる	とーとばせる	`[tòótóbáséꜜrù]`
Potential	尊べる	とーとべる	`[tòótóbéꜜrù]`
Volitional	尊ぼう	とーとぼー	`[tòótóbóꜜò]`
Negative	尊ばない	とーとばない	`[tòótóbáꜜnàì]`
Negative perfective	尊ばなかった	とーとばなかった	`[tòótóbáꜜnàkàttà]`
Formal	尊びます	とーとびます	`[tòótóbímáꜜsù]`
Perfective	尊んだ	とーとんだ	`[tòótóꜜǹdà]`
Conjunctive	尊んで	とーとんで	`[tòótóꜜǹdè]`
Hypothetical conditional	尊べば	とーとべば	`[tòótóꜜbèbà]`

Verb edit

尊(とうと)ぶ or 尊(たっと)ぶ • (tōtobu or tattobu) ^{←たふとぶ (tafutobu)^?}transitive godan (stem 尊(とうと)び (tōtobi), past 尊(とうと)んだ (tōtonda))
(alternative reading hiragana たっとぶ, rōmaji tattobu, historical hiragana たつとぶ)

to respect, to value, to look up to

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of "尊ぶ" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	尊ば	とうとば	tōtoba
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	尊び	とうとび	tōtobi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	尊ぶ	とうとぶ	tōtobu
Rentaikei ("attributive")	尊ぶ	とうとぶ	tōtobu
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	尊べ	とうとべ	tōtobe
Meireikei ("imperative")	尊べ	とうとべ	tōtobe
Key constructions
Passive	尊ばれる	とうとばれる	tōtobareru
Causative	尊ばせる尊ばす	とうとばせるとうとばす	tōtobaseru tōtobasu
Potential	尊べる	とうとべる	tōtoberu
Volitional	尊ぼう	とうとぼう	tōtobō
Negative	尊ばない	とうとばない	tōtobanai
Negative continuative	尊ばず	とうとばず	tōtobazu
Formal	尊びます	とうとびます	tōtobimasu
Perfective	尊んだ	とうとんだ	tōtonda
Conjunctive	尊んで	とうとんで	tōtonde
Hypothetical conditional	尊べば	とうとべば	tōtobeba

Synonyms edit

Antonyms edit

卑(いや)しめる (iyashimeru, “to despise”)
蔑(さげす)む (sagesumu, “to despise”)
軽(かろ)んじる (karonjiru, “to despise”)
見下(みくだ)す (mikudasu, “to look down on”)

Related terms edit

References edit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-2] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[K-3] Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

[NHK-4] 4.0 ^4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[SMK5-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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