極樂

See also: 极乐

Chinese

		utmost; pole; extreme utmost; pole; extreme; to reach the limit	music; happy; laugh music; happy; laugh; cheerful
trad. (極樂)		極	樂
simp. (极乐)		极	乐

Etymology 1

Translation of Sanskrit सुखावती (sukhāvatī, “full of joy; blissful”). Compare Tibetan བདེ་བ་ཅན། (bde ba can, “blissful”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jílè

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˊ ㄌㄜˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gik⁶ lok⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khi̍t-lo̍k
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ke̍k-lo̍k
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸jiq-loq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jílè
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ ㄌㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jílè
    • Wade–Giles: chi²-lê⁴
    • Yale: jí-lè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyileh
    • Palladius: цзилэ (czilɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi³⁵ lɤ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gik⁶ lok⁶
    • Yale: gihk lohk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gik⁹ lok⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gig⁶ log⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪk̚² lɔːk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khi̍t-lo̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: kid log
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kid⁶ log⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰit̚⁵ lok̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke̍k-lo̍k
    • Tâi-lô: ki̍k-lo̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: keglok
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² lɔk̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁸jiq-loq
    • MiniDict: jih^入 loh
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵jjiq-loq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑiɪʔ¹¹ loʔ²³/

Noun

極樂

1. (Buddhism) bliss; paradise

Derived terms

• 極樂世界／极乐世界 (jílè shìjiè)
• 極樂鳥／极乐鸟 (jílèniǎo)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (極樂):

• → Japanese: 極楽(ごくらく) (gokuraku)
• → Korean: 극락(極樂) (geungnak)
• → Vietnamese: cực lạc (極樂)

Further reading

• Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “極樂” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

Etymology 2

		utmost; pole; extreme utmost; pole; extreme; to reach the limit	music; happy; laugh music; happy; laugh; cheerful
trad. (極樂)		極	樂
simp. (极乐)		极	乐

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to Min Nan 矸轆?”)

Noun

極樂

1. (Hakka) spinning top

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 陀螺 (“spinning top”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		陀螺
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	漢奸
	Taiwan	陀螺
	Singapore	陀螺
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	地轉轉兒, 地轉子, 牛牛兒, 牛牛, 賤皮子
	Guiyang	格螺
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	地陀, 下流胚
	Yangzhou	牛
Cantonese	Guangzhou	擰螺, 定螺, 陀螺, 車乜
	Hong Kong	陀螺
	Taishan	菱角, 擰螺
Gan	Nanchang	陀螺
Hakka	Xingning	抽車哩
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	奇樂
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	極樂仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	獨樂
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	缺樂
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	獨樂
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	獨樂
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	極樂仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	極樂
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	極樂仔, 極樂
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	摔
Huizhou	Jixi	賤鞭螺
Jin	Xinzhou	猴兒
Northern Min	Jian'ou	榛迷
Southern Min	Xiamen	矸轆
	Quanzhou	矸轆
	Zhangzhou	矸螺
	Taipei	矸轆
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	矸轆
	Kaohsiung	矸轆
	Yilan	矸轆
	Changhua (Lukang)	矸轆
	Taichung	矸轆
	Tainan	矸轆
	Hsinchu	矸轆
	Kinmen	矸轆
	Penghu (Magong)	矸轆, 柴佛
	Manila (Hokkien)	矸轆
	Longyan	陀螺
	Haikou	牛六
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	陀螺
Xiang	Changsha	得螺
	Loudi	地擂公

Derived terms

• 極樂仔／极乐仔