牛
See also: 午
Contents
TranslingualEdit
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Alternative formsEdit
- 牜 (when used as a left Radical)
Han characterEdit
牛 (radical 93 牛+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹手 (HQ), four-corner 25000)
- Kangxi radical #93, ⽜ (“cow”).
- Shuōwén Jiězì radical №19
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 697, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19922
- Dae Jaweon: page 1108, character 16
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1800, character 1
- Unihan data for U+725B
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
牛 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 牛
|
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bamboo and silk script | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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Pictogram (象形)
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋwa.
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ngau4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiù
- Min Dong (BUC): ngù / ngiù
- Min Nan (POJ): gû / giû / ngiû
- Wu (Wiktionary): nyieu (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄡˊ
- Wade-Giles: niu2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niou
- IPA (key): /ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: ngau4
- Yale: ngàuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngau4
- IPA (key): /ŋɐu̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiù
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiuˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngiu2
- IPA: /ɲi̯u¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngù / ngiù
- IPA (key): /ŋu⁵³/, /ŋieu⁵³/
- Note: ngù - colloquial; ngiù - literary.
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: nyieu (T3)
- IPA (key): /ȵiɜ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 牛 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /niou³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /niou²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /niou⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /ȵiou⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /niou⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /niou⁴²/ /ou⁴²/ |
|
| Xi'an | /niou²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ȵiɯ²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /niəu⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ȵiou⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ȵiɤu⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /niəu²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /ȵiəu³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /niəu²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /niəu³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /liəɯ²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /liɯ⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /niəu¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /ȵiəu¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /niəu³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ȵiɤ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ȵiɤ¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ȵiø²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ŋau³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /niu⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /ȵiu⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ȵiəu¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ȵiəɯ¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ȵiu⁴⁵/ /ŋiɛu⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋiu¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /ŋiu¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ŋɐu²¹/ |
| Nanning | /ŋɐu²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /ŋɐu²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /giu³⁵/ /gu³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ŋu⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /niu³³/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /gu⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ku³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 牛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 語求切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ŋɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ŋiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ŋiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ŋuw/ |
| Li Rong |
/ŋiu/ |
| Wang Li |
/ŋĭəu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ŋi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yú |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 牛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
niú |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ngjuw › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ŋ]ʷə/ (< uvular?) |
| English | ox |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 牛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9564 |
| Phonetic component |
牛 |
| Rime group |
之 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
牛 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ŋʷɯ/ |
DefinitionsEdit
牛
- cow, bull, ox, buffalo (general name for bovine animals)
- beef
- stubborn, pigheaded
- arrogant
- (slang) awesome, powerful
- (astronomy) the Ox, a Chinese constellation near Capricorn
- (physics) Short for 牛頓／牛顿 (niúdùn, “newton”).
- A surname.
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 牛
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
牛
ReadingsEdit
- Goon: ぐ (gu) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Kan’on: ぎゅう (gyū) < ぎう (giu)
- Kan’yōon: ご (go) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Kun: うし (ushi)
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
|
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 牛 |
| うし Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
牛 (hiragana うし, katakana ウシ, romaji ushi)
Usage notesEdit
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana in biological contexts, as ウシ.
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 牛 |
| ぎゅう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 牛 (ngjuw, “cow”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
牛 (hiragana ぎゅう, romaji gyū, historical hiragana ぎう)
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
- Sound (hangeul): 우 (McCune-Reischauer: u, Yale: wu)
- Name (hangeul): 소()
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
CompoundsEdit
OkinawanEdit
KanjiEdit
牛
NounEdit
CompoundsEdit
|
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.