Wiktionary

牛

See also: 午 and 𓃾
牛 U+725B, 牛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-725B
← 牚
[U+725A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 牜 →
[U+725C]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Alternative formsEdit

  • 牜 (U+725C) - Used as a left radical component (not a standalone character)
  • ⽜ (U+2F5C) - Kangxi radical cow
  • ⺧ (U+2EA7) - CJK radical cow (used as a top component)

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 93 牛

牛 (radical 93, 牛+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹手 (HQ), four-corner 25000, composition ⿻𠂉十)

  1. Kangxi radical #93, ⽜.
  2. Shuōwén Jiězì radical №19

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 697, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19922
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1108, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1800, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+725B

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 牛

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 牛
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         

Pictogram (象形).

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋwa.

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • ngù - colloquial;
  • ngiù - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • gû - colloquial;
    • giû/ngiû - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 牛
    Mandarin Beijing /niou³⁵/
    Harbin /niou²⁴/
    Tianjin /niou⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ȵiou⁴²/
    Qingdao /niou⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /niou⁴²/
    /ou⁴²/
    Xi'an /niou²⁴/
    Xining /ȵiɯ²⁴/
    Yinchuan /niəu⁵³/
    Lanzhou /ȵiou⁵³/
    Ürümqi /ȵiɤu⁵¹/
    Wuhan /niəu²¹³/
    Chengdu /ȵiəu³¹/
    Guiyang /niəu²¹/
    Kunming /niəu³¹/
    Nanjing /liəɯ²⁴/
    Hefei /liɯ⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /niəu¹¹/
    Pingyao /ȵiəu¹³/
    Hohhot /niəu³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ȵiɤ²³/
    Suzhou /ȵiɤ¹³/
    Hangzhou /ȵiø²¹³/
    Wenzhou /ŋau³¹/
    Hui Shexian /niu⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /ȵiu⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /ȵiəu¹³/
    Xiangtan /ȵiəɯ¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /ȵiu⁴⁵/
    /ŋiɛu⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /ŋiu¹¹/
    Taoyuan /ŋiu¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /ŋɐu²¹/
    Nanning /ŋɐu²¹/
    Hong Kong /ŋɐu²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /giu³⁵/
    /gu³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ŋu⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /niu³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /gu⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /ku³¹/
    Rime
    Character 牛
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
    Final (韻) 尤 (136)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 語求切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ŋɨu/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ŋiu/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ŋiəu/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ŋuw/
    Li
    Rong         		/ŋiu/
    Wang
    Li         		/ŋĭəu/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ŋi̯ə̯u/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yú
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 牛
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		niú
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ngjuw ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ŋ]ʷə/ (< uvular?)
    English ox

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 牛
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 9564
    Phonetic
    component         		牛
    Rime
    group         		之
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		牛
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ŋʷɯ/

    DefinitionsEdit

    牛

    1. cow; bull; ox; buffalo (general name for bovine animals) (Classifier: 條／条 m; 頭／头; 隻／只)
    2. beef
      乾炒牛河 / 干炒牛河  ―  gānchǎo niúhé  ―  beef chow fun
    3. stubborn; pigheaded
    4. (colloquial) arrogant
    5. (Mandarin, slang) awesome; powerful
      牛屄  ―  niúbī  ―  [vulgar] awesome
      牛人  ―  niúrén  ―  an awesome person
    6. (astronomy) the Ox, a Chinese constellation near Capricorn
    7. (physics) Short for 牛頓／牛顿 (niúdùn, “newton”).
    8. A surname​.

    SynonymsEdit

    Dialectal synonyms of 牛 (“cattle; cow”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 牛
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 牛
    Taxonomic name 牛
    Mandarin Beijing 牛
    Taiwan 牛
    Jinan 牛
    Xi'an 牛
    Wuhan 牛
    Chengdu 牛
    Yangzhou 牛
    Hefei 牛
    Malaysia 牛
    Singapore 牛
    Cantonese Guangzhou 牛
    Hong Kong 牛
    Yangjiang 牛
    Kuala Lumpur 牛
    Singapore 牛
    Gan Nanchang 牛
    Hakka Meixian 牛
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 牛仔
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 牛仔
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 牛
    Dongshi (Dabu) 牛
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 牛
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 牛
    Jin Taiyuan 牛, 牛兒
    Min Bei Jian'ou 牛
    Min Dong Fuzhou 牛
    Min Nan Xiamen 牛
    Quanzhou 牛
    Zhangzhou 牛
    Taipei 牛
    Kaohsiung 牛
    Penang (Hokkien) 牛
    Singapore (Hokkien) 牛
    Chaozhou 牛
    Shantou 牛
    Singapore (Teochew) 牛
    Wenchang 牛
    Wu Suzhou 牛
    Wenzhou 牛
    Xiang Changsha 牛, 寶耕
    Shuangfeng 牛
    • (beef): 牛肉 (niúròu)
    • (awesome):
    Synonyms of 牛

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 牛

    Further readingEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    牛

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. cow, ox, cattle

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds
     
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    牛
    うし
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    牛(うし) • (ushi) 

    1. cow, bull, ox, cattle
      • 1999 November 18, “牛ぎゅう魔ま人じん [Bull Jinn]”, in Vol.6, Konami:
        森(もり)に住(す)む牛(うし)の魔(ま)人(じん)。ツノを突(つ)き出(だ)し突(とっ)進(しん)して攻(こう)撃(げき)。
        Mori ni sumu ushi no majin. Tsuno o tsukidashi tosshin shite kōgeki.
        A bovine jinn who resides in the woods. He’ll charge at you and stick you with his horns.
      • 1999 December 1, “ミノタウルス [Minotaurus]”, in BOOSTER 6, Konami:
        すごい力(ちから)を持(も)つウシの怪(かい)物(ぶつ)。オノひと振(ふ)りで何(なに)でもなぎ倒(たお)す。
        Sugoi chikara o motsu ushi no kaibutsu. Ono hitofuri de nani demo nagitaosu.
        A bovine monster with tremendous power who chops up anyone in his way with one ax swing.
    2. beef
    Derived termsEdit
    Usage notesEdit

    As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts, as ウシ.

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    牛
    ぎゅう
    Grade: 2
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 牛 (ngjuw, “cow”).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    牛(ぎゅう) • (gyū)  (historical kana ぎう)

    1. cow, bull, ox, cattle
    2. beef
    3. (astronomy) Ox

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    牛 (eumhun 소 우 (so u))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    CompoundsEdit

    OkinawanEdit

    KanjiEdit

    牛

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    Kanji in this term
    牛
    うし
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    牛 (hiragana うし, rōmaji ushi)

    1. cow, cattle

    Derived termsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    • “うし【牛】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
    • “ウシ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary.

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    牛 (ngưu, ngọ, ngỏ, ngõ, ngâu)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    YonaguniEdit

    KanjiEdit

    牛 (hiragana うち, romaji uchi)

    NounEdit

    牛 (hiragana うち, romaji uchi)

    1. cow, cattle

    ReferencesEdit

    • “うち【牛】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
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