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牛

牛 U+725B, 牛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-725B
← 牚
[U+725A]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 牜 →
[U+725C]
See also: 午

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Alternative formsEdit

  • 牜 (when used as a left Radical)

Han characterEdit

 
See images of
Radical 93 牛

牛 (radical 93 牛+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹手 (HQ), four-corner 25000)

  1. Kangxi radical #93, ⽜.
  2. Shuōwén Jiězì radical №19

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 697, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19922
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1108, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1800, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+725B

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 牛

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 牛
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
         

Pictogram (象形).

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋwa.

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • ngù - colloquial;
  • ngiù - literary.
Note:
  • gû - vernacular;
  • giû/ngiû - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 牛
Mandarin Beijing /niou³⁵/
Harbin /niou²⁴/
Tianjin /niou⁴⁵/
Jinan /ȵiou⁴²/
Qingdao /niou⁴²/
Zhengzhou /niou⁴²/
/ou⁴²/
Xi'an /niou²⁴/
Xining /ȵiɯ²⁴/
Yinchuan /niəu⁵³/
Lanzhou /ȵiou⁵³/
Ürümqi /ȵiɤu⁵¹/
Wuhan /niəu²¹³/
Chengdu /ȵiəu³¹/
Guiyang /niəu²¹/
Kunming /niəu³¹/
Nanjing /liəɯ²⁴/
Hefei /liɯ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /niəu¹¹/
Pingyao /ȵiəu¹³/
Hohhot /niəu³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ȵiɤ²³/
Suzhou /ȵiɤ¹³/
Hangzhou /ȵiø²¹³/
Wenzhou /ŋau³¹/
Hui Shexian /niu⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ȵiu⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ȵiəu¹³/
Xiangtan /ȵiəɯ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵiu⁴⁵/
/ŋiɛu⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiu¹¹/
Taoyuan /ŋiu¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ŋɐu²¹/
Nanning /ŋɐu²¹/
Hong Kong /ŋɐu²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /giu³⁵/
/gu³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ŋu⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /niu³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /gu⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ku³¹/
Rime
Character 牛
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 語求切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋɨu/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋiu/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋuw/
Li
Rong		 /ŋiu/
Wang
Li		 /ŋĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋi̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yú
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 牛
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 niú
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ngjuw ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ŋ]ʷə/ (< uvular?)
English ox

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 牛
Reading # 1/1
No. 9564
Phonetic
component		 牛
Rime
group		 之
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 牛
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋʷɯ/

DefinitionsEdit

牛

  1. cow; bull; ox; buffalo (general name for bovine animals)
  2. beef
    乾炒牛河 / 干炒牛河  ―  gānchǎoniúhé  ―  beef chow fun
  3. stubborn; pigheaded
  4. (colloquial) arrogant
  5. (slang) awesome; powerful
    牛屄  ―  niúbī  ―  [vulgar] awesome
    牛人  ―  niúrén  ―  an awesome person
  6. (astronomy) the Ox, a Chinese constellation near Capricorn
  7. (physics) Short for 牛頓／牛顿 (Niúdùn, “newton”).
  8. A surname​.

SynonymsEdit

Dialectal synonyms of 牛 (“cattle; cow”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 牛
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 牛
Taxonomic name 牛
Mandarin Beijing 牛
Jinan 牛
Xi'an 牛
Wuhan 牛
Chengdu 牛
Yangzhou 牛
Hefei 牛
Cantonese Guangzhou 牛
Hong Kong 牛
Yangjiang 牛
Gan Nanchang 牛
Hakka Meixian 牛
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 牛仔
Liudui (S. Sixian) 牛仔
Hsinchu (Hailu) 牛
Dongshi (Dabu) 牛
Zhuolan (Raoping) 牛
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 牛
Jin Taiyuan 牛、牛兒
Min Bei Jian'ou 牛
Min Dong Fuzhou 牛
Min Nan Xiamen 牛
Quanzhou 牛
Zhangzhou 牛
Taipei 牛
Kaohsiung 牛
Chaozhou 牛
Wu Suzhou 牛
Wenzhou 牛
Xiang Changsha 牛、寶耕
Shuangfeng 牛

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 牛

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

牛

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. cow, ox, cattle

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Compounds
 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
牛
うし
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

牛 (hiragana うし, katakana ウシ, rōmaji ushi)

  1. cow, bull, ox, cattle
  2. beef
Derived termsEdit
Usage notesEdit

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts, as ウシ.

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
牛
ぎゅう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 牛 (ngjuw, “cow”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

牛 (hiragana ぎゅう, rōmaji gyū, historical hiragana ぎう)

  1. cow, bull, ox, cattle
  2. beef
  3. (astronomy) Ox

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

牛 • (u)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 우 (McCune-Reischauer: u, Yale: wu)
    • Name (hangeul): 소
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

CompoundsEdit

OkinawanEdit

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

牛 (ngưu, ngọ, ngỏ, ngõ, ngâu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

YonaguniEdit

KanjiEdit

牛 (hiragana うち, romaji uchi)

NounEdit

牛 (hiragana うち, romaji uchi)

  1. cow, cattle
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