See also:
U+6975, 極
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6975

[U+6974]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6976]

Translingual

edit

Han character

edit

(Kangxi radical 75, +8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木一水一 (DMEM) or 木弓水一 (DNEM), four-corner 41914, composition )

Derived characters

edit

References

edit
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 542, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15181
  • Dae Jaweon: page 929, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1240, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+6975

Chinese

edit
trad.
simp. *

Glyph origin

edit
Historical forms of the character
Spring and Autumn Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
   

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡɯɡ): semantic (tree, wood) + phonetic (OC *kʰɯɡs, *kɯɡ) – originally meaning a crossbeam rafter.

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kak (expensive; at its peak) (STEDT). Cognate with (OC *kɯɡ, “urgent”), (OC *kɯɡ, “to kill”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

edit


  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕi³⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡ɕi⁴²/
Qingdao /t͡ɕi⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕji²⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕi¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕi⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕi³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕi²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕi³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕiʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /d͡ʑiɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /d͡ʑiəʔ³/
Hangzhou /d͡ʑiəʔ²/
Wenzhou /d͡ʑai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰi²²/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰie¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /kʰit̚⁵/
Taoyuan /kʰit̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kek̚²/
Nanning /kek̚²²/
Hong Kong /kik̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kik̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kiʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ki²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kek̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kek̚³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (30)
Final () (134)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter gik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɡɨk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɡɨk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɡiek̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/gik̚/
Li
Rong
/ɡiək̚/
Wang
Li
/ɡĭək̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/gi̯ək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gik6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ gik ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ](r)ək/
English extreme

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 5738
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡɯɡ/

Definitions

edit

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) ridgepole; ridgepiece
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) highest position; top rank
  3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) throne; seat of state
  4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) highest point; top; peak
    登峰造登峰造  ―  dēngfēngzào  ―  to reach great heights
  5. extremity; limit; end; utmost point
  6. extreme; of the highest degree; utmost; furthest; final
      ―  pǐn  ―  item of the highest quality
      ―  xiàn  ―  limit, the utmost limits
  7. extremely; exceedingly; very
    痛苦痛苦  ―  tòngkǔ le  ―  extremely painful
    滿意满意  ―  bù mǎnyì  ―  extremely dissatisfied
    肥牛 [MSC, trad.]
    肥牛 [MSC, simp.]
    Féiniú qiē de báo. [Pinyin]
    The beef was sliced extremely thin.
  8. (Cantonese) at great length; exceedingly
    [Cantonese]  ―  gong2 gik6 dou1 m4 ming4 [Jyutping]  ―  not understand despite lengthy explanation
    [Cantonese, trad.]
    [Cantonese, simp.]
    wan2 gik6 dou1 wan2 m4 dou3 ge2? [Jyutping]
    Why do I still not find it
    [Cantonese]  ―  tai2 gik6 [Jyutping]  ―  to watch closely or in great amounts
  9. (Cantonese) at most
    廿 [Cantonese, trad.]
    廿 [Cantonese, simp.]
    gwai3 gik6 mai6 dou1 hai6 jaa6 man1 [Jyutping]
    Its price is at most $20.
  10. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) highest norm; highest standard
  11. (Wu) to be anxious; to worry; to disturb oneself
  12. (Wu) to fear
  13. (Wu) to deny a wrongdoing; to cheat
    [Shanghainese]  ―  6la-jiq-bi [Wugniu]  ―  cheater in games (who e.g. objects to losing, being thrown out of the game, or who denies having cheated)
  14. (geography, physics) pole
      ―  běi  ―  north pole
      ―  yīn  ―  negative pole, cathode
  15. (astronomy) Polaris
  16. quindecillion (1048)
  17. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to reach (the limit or standard)
    必反必反  ―  bìfǎn  ―  a thing turns into its opposite if pushed too far
    人臣人臣  ―  wèirénchén  ―  to have reached the highest official positions
  18. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to exhaust; to do one's utmost
  19. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to study deeply; to examine deeply
  20. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of (, to punish)

Compounds

edit

See also

edit
Chinese numerals
104 108 1012 1016 1020 1024 1028 1032 1036 1040 1044 1048
(wàn) 亿 () (zhào) (Taiwan) (jīng) (Taiwan) (gāi) () (ráng) (gōu) (jiàn) (zhèng) (zài) ()
萬億万亿 (wànyì)
(Mainland China)
/亿亿
(Mainland China)

Pronunciation 2

edit

Definitions

edit

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of (fast; speedy)
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of (anxiously)

Pronunciation 3

edit

Definitions

edit

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of (repeatedly)

References

edit

Japanese

edit

Kanji

edit

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. extreme
  2. pole (eg. North Pole); extremity, zenith
  3. quindecillion

Readings

edit

Compounds

edit

Etymology 1

edit
Kanji in this term
ごく
Grade: 4
goon

Pronunciation

edit

Adverb

edit

(ごく) (goku

  1. very, extremely
    ごく(まれ)
    goku mare ni
    very rarely; seldom
    ごく普通(ふつう)
    goku futsū
    very ordinary
    ごく(かぎ)られた(ひと)
    goku kagirareta hito
    a very limited group of people
Usage notes
edit

This word is usually written in hiragana.

Number

edit

(ごく) (goku

  1. [from 1627] 1048, quindecillion

Etymology 2

edit
Kanji in this term
きょく
Grade: 4
kan'on

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

(きょく) (kyoku

  1. extreme, extremity, height, zenith
    疲労困憊(ひろうこんぱい)(きょく)(たっ)する
    hirō konpai no kyoku ni tassuru
    to reach the highest level of fatigue; to become extremely exhausted
  2. (physics, astronomy, geometry) pole

Korean

edit

Etymology

edit

From Middle Chinese (MC gik). Recorded as Middle Korean (kuk) (Yale: kuk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

edit
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 다할 (dahal geuk))

  1. hanja form? of (pole; extremity)

Compounds

edit

References

edit
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

edit

Han character

edit

: Hán Nôm readings: cực, cọc

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.