極
See also: 极
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Contents
TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
極 (radical 75 木+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 木一水一 (DMEM) or 木弓水一 (DNEM), four-corner 41914, composition ⿰木亟)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 542, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15181
- Dae Jaweon: page 929, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1240, character 10
- Unihan data for U+6975
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 極 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 极 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Characters in the same phonetic series (茍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 亟 | kʰɯɡs, *kɯɡ |
| 茍 | kɯɡ |
| 殛 | kɯɡ |
| 極 | ɡɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡɯɡ): semantic 木 (“tree, wood”) + phonetic 亟 (OC *kʰɯɡs, *kɯɡ) - originally meaning a crossbeam rafter.
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gik6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khi̍t
- Min Dong (BUC): gĭk
- Min Nan (POJ): kia̍k / ke̍k
- Wu (Wiktionary): jjiq (T5)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ
- Wade-Giles: chih2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyi
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕi³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: gik6
- Yale: gihk
- Cantonese Pinyin: gik9
- Guangdong Romanization: gig6
- IPA (key): /kɪk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khi̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: kid
- Hagfa Pinyim: kid6
- IPA: /kʰit̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gĭk
- IPA (key): /kiʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: jjiq (T5)
- IPA (key): /d̥͡ʑi̯ɪʔ¹²/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 極 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕi³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /t͡ɕi²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /t͡ɕi⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /t͡ɕi⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕi²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡ɕi²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /t͡ɕji²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /t͡ɕi¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /t͡ɕi⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡ɕi⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡ɕi²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡ɕi³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡ɕi²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /t͡ɕi³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /t͡ɕiʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕiəʔ²/ |
| Pingyao | /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡ɕiəʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /d͡ʑiɪʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /d͡ʑiəʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /d͡ʑiəʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /d͡ʑai²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰi²²/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰie¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕi²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /t͡ɕʰi²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰiʔ²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰit̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /kʰit̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kek̚²/ |
| Nanning | /kek̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /kik̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /kik̚⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /kiʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /ki²⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /kek̚⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /kek̚³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 極 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 渠力切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɡɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɡɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɡiek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/gik̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɡiək̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɡĭək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/gi̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
jí |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 極 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
jí |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ gik › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ɡ](r)ək/ |
| English | extreme |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 極 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5738 |
| Phonetic component |
茍 |
| Rime group |
職 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
極 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡɯɡ/ |
DefinitionsEdit
極
- † ridgepole; ridgepiece
- † highest position; top rank
- † throne; seat of state
- † highest point; top; peak
- extremity; limit; end; utmost point
- extreme; of the highest degree; utmost; furthest; final
- extremely; exceedingly; very
- † highest norm; highest standard
- (geography, physics) pole
- (astronomy) Polaris
- (Buddhism) the number 1048
- † to reach (the limit or standard)
- † to exhaust; to do one's utmost
- † to study deeply; to examine deeply
- † Alternative form of 殛 (jí, “to punish”).
- † Alternative form of 亟 (jí, “fast; speedy”).
- † Alternative form of 亟 (jí, “anxiously”).
- † Alternative form of 亟 (jí, “repeatedly”).
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 極
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
極
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
ReadingsEdit
- Goon: ごく (goku, Jōyō)
- Kan’on: きょく (kyoku, Jōyō)
- On: ごき (goki)
- Kun: きわみ (kiwami, 極み, Jōyō); きわめる (kiwameru, 極める, Jōyō); きわまる (kiwamaru, 極まる, Jōyō); むね (mune)
CompoundsEdit
NumberEdit
- A number of 1048 in modern Japanese since 17th century.
AdverbEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
極 • (geuk) (hangeul 극, revised geuk, McCune-Reischauer kŭk, Yale kuk)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.