極

See also: 极

Contents

TranslingualEdit

EtymologyEdit

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡɯɡ): semantic 木 ‎(“tree, wood”) + phonetic 亟 ‎(OC *kʰɯɡs, *kɯɡ) - originally meaning a crossbeam rafter.

Han characterEdit

極 (radical 75 木+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 木一水一 (DMEM) or 木弓水一 (DNEM), four-corner 4191₄, composition ⿰木亟)

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 542, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15181
• Dae Jaweon: page 929, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1240, character 10
• Unihan data for U+6975

See alsoEdit

• Chinese numeral 極
  • Last: 載, 载
  • Next: 恆河沙/恒河沙 (next chinese number, by myriad order of magnitude)

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ChineseEdit

trad.		極
simp.		极

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jí (ji²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gik⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khi̍t
• Min Nan (POJ): ke̍k

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: jí
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ
    • Wade-Giles: chih²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyi
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gik⁶
    • Yale: gihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gik⁹
    • IPA ^(key): /kɪk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khi̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: kid
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kid⁶
    • IPA: /kʰit̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke̍k
    • Tâi-lô: ki̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kek
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪk̚¹²¹/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 極
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕi³⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕi²⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕi⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕi⁴²/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕi⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕi²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕi²⁴/
	Xining	/t͡ɕji²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕi¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕi⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕi⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕi²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕi³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕi²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕi³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕiʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕiəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕiəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/d͡ʑiɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/d͡ʑiəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡ʑiəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/d͡ʑai²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰi²²/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰie¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕi²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰiʔ²/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰit̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/kʰit̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kek̚²/
	Nanning	/kek̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/kik̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kik̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kiʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ki²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kek̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/kek̚³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɡɨk̚/▼

Rime
Character	極
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	渠力切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gik̚/
Li Rong	/ɡiək̚/
Wang Li	/ɡĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jí

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*[ɡ](r)ək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯɡ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	極
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jí
Middle Chinese	‹ gik ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ](r)ək/
English	extreme
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	極
Reading #	1/1
No.	5738
Phonetic component	茍
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	極
Old Chinese	/*ɡɯɡ/

DefinitionsEdit

極

1. extremely; exceedingly
   • 極了／极了 (jíle, “extremely”)
   • 它被切得極薄。 / 它被切得极薄。  ―  Tā bèi qiè dé jí bó.  ―  It was cut wafer-thin.
2. (geography, physics) pole
   • 北極／北极 (Běijí, “north pole”)
   • 陰極／阴极 (yīnjí, “negative pole, cathode”)
3. extreme; of the highest degree; utmost; furthest; final
   • 極品／极品 (jípǐn, “item of the highest quality”)
   • 極限／极限 (jíxiàn, “limit, the utmost limits”)
4. reach the limit; do one's utmost
   • 登峰造極／登峰造极 (dēngfēngzàojí, “to reach great heights”)
   • 物極必反／物极必反 (wùjíbìfǎn, “a thing turns into its opposite if pushed too far”)
   • 位極人臣／位极人臣 (wèijírénchén, “to have reached the highest official positions”)
5. The number 10 to the power of 48 (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000).

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

極

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: ごく (goku)
• Kan’on: きょく (kyoku)
• On (unclassified): ごき (goki)
• Kun: きわめる (kiwameru), むね (mune), きわまる (kiwamaru)

CompoundsEdit

• 極意
• 極刑
• 極光
• 極性
• 極端
• 極地
• 極東
• 極道
• 極秘
• 極楽
• 極論
• 磁極
• 電極
• 極悪

NumberEdit

極 (ごく, goku)

1. A number of 10⁴⁸ in modern Japanese since 17th century.

AdverbEdit

極 ‎(hiragana ごく, romaji goku)

1. very, extremely

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

極 • ‎(geuk) (hangeul 극, revised geuk, McCune-Reischauer kŭk, Yale kuk)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

極 (cực, cọc)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.