秋刀魚
See also: 秋刀鱼
Chinese
editautumn; fall; harvest time autumn; fall; harvest time; a swing |
knife | fish | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
trad. (秋刀魚) | 秋 | 刀 | 魚 | |
simp. (秋刀鱼) | 秋 | 刀 | 鱼 |
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄡ ㄉㄠ ㄩˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cioudaoyú
- Wade–Giles: chʻiu1-tao1-yü2
- Yale: chyōu-dāu-yú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chioudauyu
- Palladius: цюдаоюй (cjudaojuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵⁵ y³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: cau1 dou1 jyu4-2
- Yale: chāu dōu yú
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsau1 dou1 jy4-2
- Guangdong Romanization: ceo1 dou1 yu4-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵ jyː²¹⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ciu1 do1 he5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiu to hṳ̂
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiu³³⁻²³ to³³⁻²³ hɯ⁵⁵/
- (Teochew)
Noun
edit秋刀魚
Synonyms
edit- (Taiwanese Hokkien) sàn-bah
Japanese
editKanji in this term | ||
---|---|---|
秋 | 刀 | 魚 |
さんま | ||
Grade: 2 | Grade: 2 | Grade: 2 |
jukujikun |
Alternative spelling |
---|
三馬 (dated, rare) |
Etymology
editUncertain, theories include:
- An alteration from earlier compound 狭 (sa, “narrow”, in reference to the slender body of the fish) + 真魚 (mana, “edible fish”):
- /samana/ → /samuma/ → /samːa/
- An alternative derivation suggests 狭間 (sama, “narrow space”) + 魚 (na, “fish”, ancient term, and part of the roots of modern reading sakana), where ma again references the narrowness of the fish's body, but this is problematic, as 間 (ma) can only refer to the space between things, not the width of a thing itself.
- Another possibility is that sanma is cognate with 鯖 (saba, “mackerel”). The two kinds of fish are somewhat similar, and sanma is even called mackerel pike in English. In addition, the voiced plosive /b/ sound in modern Japanese appears to have been pre-nasalized in Old Japanese as something closer to /mb/, and there is evidence of /b/ ⇔ /m/ alternation in various terms in Japanese. There is also Ainu サㇺバ (samba, “mackerel”),[1] likely a borrowing either into or from Japanese. This suggests that modern sanma may have arisen as an /m/ ⇔ /b/ alteration of older sanba.
The 秋刀魚 spelling likely arose quite recently in 1922 during the Taisho period, when a popular poem by Haruo Satō used this spelling. It alludes to the fish's harvest season of autumn (秋) and its blade-shaped body (刀).[2]
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- the Pacific saury or mackerel pike, Cololabis saira
- Synonym: さいら (saira)
Usage notes
editAs with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as サンマ.
Derived terms
edit- 秋刀魚飯 (sanmameshi)
Proverbs
edit- 目黒の秋刀魚 (meguro no sanma)
References
edit- ^ John Batchelor (1905) An Ainu-English-Japanese dictionary (including a grammar of the Ainu language)[1], Tokyo, London: Methodist Publishing House; Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner Co.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Further reading
edit- Etymology entry for 秋刀魚 at Japan Dictionary (in Japanese): http://www.nihonjiten.com/data/45619.html
- Etymology entry for 秋刀魚 at Gogen Jiten (Etymology Dictionary; in Japanese): http://gogen-allguide.com/sa/sanma.html
Categories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 秋
- Chinese terms spelled with 刀
- Chinese terms spelled with 魚
- zh:Fish
- Japanese terms spelled with 秋
- Japanese terms spelled with 刀
- Japanese terms spelled with 魚
- Japanese terms read with jukujikun
- Japanese terms with unknown etymologies
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 3 kanji
- ja:Beloniform fish