刀
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TranslingualEdit
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Alternative formsEdit
- 刂 (when used as a right radical component)
Han characterEdit
刀 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 尸竹 (SH), four-corner 17220, composition ⿹𠃌丿)
- Kangxi radical #18, ⼑.
Derived charactersEdit
- Appendix:Chinese radical/刀
- 𫢈, 叨, 𪥂, 𭑪, 忉, 㧅, 𣱼, 𨸓, 辺, 𫼔, 𣃗, 旫, 朷, 𣬞, 灱, 𭸵, 𥘉, 𤿇, 𥐛, 𬇉, 糿, 舠, 虭, 𮕝, 釖, 𩉛, 䫸, 䬢, 𬀶, 䂶, 魛(鱽), 𪐛, 𪔹
- 𪠤, 𬰿, 鳭, 𠬛, 召, 𡔛, 𡴻, 𢖫, 𬅷, 𭷔, 𤰄, 𥁀, 𭇌, 𠱛, 𧌣, 𤎘, 𬺳, 叧, 屶, 芀, 𦦟, 𣱕, 𢦓, 𤴬, 𠥭, 辧, 齊, 䐡, 韲
DescendantsEdit
- ㄉ (Zhuyin alphabet)
- ㆵ (Bopomofo extended character)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 135, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1845
- Dae Jaweon: page 304, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 319, character 12
- Unihan data for U+5200
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
刀 | |
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| alternative forms | 𠚣 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 刀 | |||||
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| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 刀 | *taːw |
| 忉 | *taːw |
| 魛 | *taːw |
| 舠 | *taːw |
| 朷 | *taːw, *moːɡ |
| 叨 | *tuːw, *l̥ʰaːw |
| 倒 | *taːwʔ, *taːws |
| 到 | *taːws |
| 菿 | *taːws, *rtaːwɢ |
| 鞀 | *deːw |
| 鳭 | *rteːw, *teːw |
| 灱 | *hreːw |
| 菬 | *sdew, *tjewʔ |
| 超 | *tʰew |
| 怊 | *tʰew, *tʰjew |
| 欩 | *tʰew |
| 召 | *dews, *djews |
| 昭 | *tjew |
| 招 | *tjew |
| 鉊 | *tjew |
| 沼 | *tjewʔ |
| 照 | *tjews |
| 詔 | *tjews |
| 炤 | *tjews |
| 弨 | *tʰjew, *tʰjewʔ |
| 眧 | *tʰjewʔ |
| 韶 | *djew |
| 佋 | *djew, *djewʔ |
| 軺 | *djew, *lew |
| 玿 | *djew |
| 柖 | *djew |
| 紹 | *djewʔ |
| 袑 | *djewʔ |
| 綤 | *djewʔ |
| 邵 | *djews |
| 劭 | *djews |
| 卲 | *djews |
| 刁 | *teːw |
| 芀 | *teːw, *deːw |
| 貂 | *teːw |
| 蛁 | *teːw |
| 迢 | *deːw |
| 苕 | *deːw |
| 髫 | *deːw |
| 岧 | *deːw |
Pictogram (象形) – a knife.
Etymology 1Edit
Unclear. Here are several proposals:
- Schuessler (2007) considers this to be an area word or a word widely borrowed from Chinese into other languages; compare Proto-Karen *ʔdɔ (“knife”), Jingpho [script needed] (n³¹-do³¹, “short knife”), Proto-Vietic *-taːw (“knife”), Bulo Stieng taaw;
- Stephen Baron posits Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ta-w, with a sparsely attested suffix *-w retained in Sinitic yet lost in Tibeto-Burman, yielding Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-ta (“knife; axe; sword”); compare Tibetan སྟ་རེ (sta re, “axe; hatchet”), Burmese ဓား (dha:, “knife; sword”), Proto-Loloish *ta² (“knife”) (STEDT);
- Starostin derives it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tā̆w ~ *dā̆w, comparing it to Tibetan [script needed] (sto, “carpenter's axe”) and Jingpho nhtu (“sword”).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
刀
- knife; blade (Classifier: 把 m c g h j mb md w x; 張／张 c h; 叢／丛 mn; 支 mn mn-t)
- single-edged sword; cutlass
- Classifier for sets of one hundred sheets of paper.
- Classifier for incisions with a knife, blade, single-edged sword, etc.
- (neologism, Internet) to bargain; to negotiate on price
- a surname (only common among Tai people)
- 刀世勛／刀世勋 ― Dāo Shìxūn ― Dao Shixun
SynonymsEdit
- (knife):
Dialectal synonyms of 刀 (“knife; blade”) [map]
- (to bargain):
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 刀
DescendantsEdit
Others:
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
刀
SynonymsEdit
- (Cantonese) 蚊
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of 刀 – see 刁 (“treacherous; crafty; deceitful; to tempt; etc.”). (This character, 刀, is a variant form of 刁.) |
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
刀
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: と (to); とう (tō, Jōyō)←たう (tau, historical)
- Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)←たう (tau, historical)
- Kun: かたな (katana, 刀, Jōyō)
- Nanori: き (ki); ち (chi); わき (waki)
CompoundsEdit
Compounds with irregular readings of 刀
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 刀 |
| かたな Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 釖 (uncommon) |
From Old Japanese. First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]
Compound of 片 (kata, “one side”) + な (na, “edge”).[2][3][4] This na element is spelled in monolingual Japanese sources as 刃 (“edge, blade”), but there is no historical attestation for any na reading for this character.
PronunciationEdit
- (Tokyo) かたな [kàtánáꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[3][5][6]
- (Tokyo) かたな [kàtáꜜnà] (Nakadaka – [2])[3][5][6]
- IPA(key): [ka̠ta̠na̠]
NounEdit
- [from 720] (weaponry) a single-edged sword, such as a katana
- 1999 September 23, “鎧武者ゾンビ [Armored Musha Zombie]”, in Vol.5, Konami:
- 怨念により蘇った武者。闇雲にふりまわすカタナに注意。
- Onnen ni yori yomigaetta musha. Yamikumo ni furimawasu katana ni chūi.
- A musha reanimated by deep hatred. Watch out when he brandishes his katana.
- 怨念により蘇った武者。闇雲にふりまわすカタナに注意。
- [from 934] a small single-edged blade
- Synonym: 切れ物 (kiremono)
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
- 刀市 (katana ichi): a sword market
- 刀引 (katanabiki): giving a sword worn on one's hip to another as a gift at a banquet or other social gathering
- 小刀 (kogatana): a small knife, a penknife, a pocketknife, a jackknife
- 腰刀 (koshigatana): a hip-sword, smaller than a katana and with no 鍔 (tsuba, “sword guard”)
IdiomsEdit
Idioms
- 刀折れ矢尽きる (katana ore ya tsukiru): “swords bent, out of arrows” → completely routed, a complete loss in battle
- 刀に懸けて (katana ni kakete): “[depending, swearing] on one's sword” → a metaphor for firm resolve to see something through
- 刀の錆び (katana no sabi): “sword rust” → a metaphor for killing someone or being killed, from the way that blood can cause the steel of a sword to rust; a derogatory term for someone who isn't even worth soiling a sword
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 刀 |
| とう Grade: 2 |
| kan’on |
/tau/ → /tɔː/ → /toː/
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 刀 (MC tɑu). Compare modern Mandarin 刀 (dāo).
First cited as an independent noun to a text from 1895.[2] Cited in compounds since at least the 800s CE.[2]
PronunciationEdit
AffixEdit
NounEdit
- [from 1908] a sword, a katana
- Synonyms: 刀 (katana), 刀剣 (tōken)
- [from 1895] a scalpel, such as that used by a surgeon
- Synonym: メス (mesu)
- [from 1913] a kind of bronze or copper money in ancient China, shaped a bit like a sword
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
ReferencesEdit
- ^ “刀”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 刀 (MC tɑu).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 도ᇢ (Yale: twòw) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] | 갈〮 (Yale: kál) | 도 (Yale: twò) |
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [to̞]
- Phonetic hangul: [도]
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]
Old KoreanEdit
ParticleEdit
刀 (*-two)
DescendantsEdit
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
刀: Hán Nôm readings: đao, dao, đeo
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.