魚
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Translingual edit
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order (Japan) | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han character edit
魚 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓田火 (NWF), four-corner 27336, composition ⿳⺈田灬)
- Kangxi radical #195, ⿂.
Derived characters edit
- Appendix:Chinese radical/魚
- 𠽐, 𡐚, 𡠵, 𢐗, 𢠐, 𢳶, 漁, 𣊘, 龽, 䐳, 䁩, 𣩕, 𮃣, 䗨, 𨢭, 𠓈, 𨫷, 𩥭
- 𫑨, 穌, 䔡, 𪽟, 𩅔, 𢊧, 𤹿, 𫊣, 𢖍, 𨶢, 𪗏, 𭍯, 㱎
Related characters edit
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1465, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45956
- Dae Jaweon: page 1998, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4674, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9B5A
Chinese edit
trad. | 魚 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 鱼 | |
alternative forms | 𤉯 𤋳 𩵋 𮫬 |
Glyph origin edit
Historical forms of the character 魚 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Pictogram (象形) – a fish.
Etymology edit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋja. Cognate with 漁 (OC *ŋa, “to fish”).
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
魚
- fish (Classifier: 條/条 m c; 尾 m h mn)
- fish (as a food)
- (~日) (telegraphy) the sixth day of a month
- † Alternative form of 漁/渔 (yú)
- † Alternative form of 吾 (OC *ŋaː).
- a surname
Synonyms edit
Compounds edit
- 五餅二魚/五饼二鱼 (wǔbǐng'èryú)
- 人魚/人鱼 (rényú)
- 伯魚/伯鱼
- 印魚/印鱼
- 叉魚/叉鱼
- 史魚/史鱼
- 嘉魚/嘉鱼 (Jiāyú)
- 團魚/团鱼 (tuányú)
- 射魚/射鱼
- 帶魚/带鱼 (dàiyú)
- 恩魚/恩鱼
- 懸魚/悬鱼
- 扁魚/扁鱼
- 打魚/打鱼 (dǎyú)
- 挫魚/挫鱼
- 捕魚/捕鱼 (bǔyú)
- 摸魚/摸鱼 (mōyú)
- 撲魚/扑鱼
- 放魚/放鱼
- 文魚/文鱼 (wényú)
- 斑魚/斑鱼
- 旗魚/旗鱼 (qíyú)
- 木魚/木鱼 (mùyú)
- 板魚/板鱼
- 枯魚/枯鱼
- 柴魚/柴鱼 (cháiyú)
- 梭魚/梭鱼 (suōyú)
- 比目魚/比目鱼 (bǐmùyú)
- 水魚/水鱼 (shuǐyú)
- 池魚/池鱼
- 沙丁魚/沙丁鱼 (shādīngyú)
- 沙魚/沙鱼 (shāyú)
- 河魚/河鱼 (Héyú)
- 炸魚/炸鱼
- 烏魚/乌鱼 (wūyú)
- 煙仔魚/烟仔鱼 (ian-á-hî)
- 狼魚/狼鱼
- 甲魚/甲鱼
- 白魚/白鱼 (báiyú)
- 皋魚/皋鱼
- 箭魚/箭鱼 (jiànyú)
- 紅魚/红鱼 (hóngyú)
- 絲魚/丝鱼
- 腳魚/脚鱼 (jiǎoyú)
- 臘魚/腊鱼
- 臥魚/卧鱼
- 花魚湖/花鱼湖 (Huāyúhú)
- 草魚/草鱼 (cǎoyú)
- 蟲魚/虫鱼
- 蠹魚/蠹鱼 (dùyú)
- 衣魚/衣鱼 (yīyú)
- 角魚/角鱼
- 豚魚/豚鱼
- 貫魚/贯鱼
- 醃魚/腌鱼 (yānyú)
- 金槍魚/金枪鱼 (jīnqiāngyú)
- 金魚/金鱼 (jīnyú)
- 釣魚/钓鱼 (diàoyú)
- 銀魚/银鱼
- 雙魚/双鱼 (Shuāngyú)
- 雪魚/雪鱼 (xuěyú)
- 電魚/电鱼
- 青魚/青鱼 (qīngyú)
- 章魚/章鱼 (zhāngyú)
- 飛魚/飞鱼 (fēiyú)
- 香魚/香鱼 (xiāngyú)
- 鬥魚/斗鱼 (dòuyú)
- 魚丸/鱼丸 (yúwán)
- 魚伯/鱼伯
- 魚信/鱼信
- 魚兒/鱼儿
- 魚具/鱼具 (yújù)
- 魚刀/鱼刀
- 魚刺/鱼刺 (yúcì)
- 魚卵/鱼卵 (yúluǎn)
- 魚叉/鱼叉 (yúchā)
- 魚口/鱼口
- 魚塘/鱼塘 (yútáng)
- 魚塭/鱼塭 (yúwēn)
- 魚子/鱼子 (yúzǐ)
- 魚子醬/鱼子酱 (yúzǐjiàng)
- 魚封/鱼封
- 魚尾/鱼尾 (yúwěi)
- 魚尾紋/鱼尾纹 (yúwěiwén)
- 魚市/鱼市 (yúshì)
- 魚情/鱼情
- 魚找魚,蝦找蝦/鱼找鱼,虾找虾
- 魚拓/鱼拓
- 魚排/鱼排
- 魚書/鱼书
- 魚服/鱼服
- 魚木/鱼木
- 魚板/鱼板 (yúbǎn)
- 魚梯/鱼梯
- 魚梁/鱼梁
- 魚樂/鱼乐
- 魚死網破/鱼死网破 (yúsǐwǎngpò)
- 魚水/鱼水 (yúshuǐ)
- 魚水情/鱼水情
- 魚汛/鱼汛 (yúxùn)
- 魚池/鱼池 (yúchí)
- 魚沉/鱼沉
- 魚油/鱼油 (yúyóu)
- 魚漂/鱼漂 (yúpiāo)
- 魚爛/鱼烂
- 魚片/鱼片
- 魚狗/鱼狗 (yúgǒu)
- 魚白/鱼白 (yúbái)
- 魚目混珠/鱼目混珠 (yúmùhùnzhū)
- 魚眼/鱼眼 (yúyǎn)
- 魚秧/鱼秧
- 魚秧子/鱼秧子
- 魚窩頭/鱼窝头 (Yúwōtóu)
- 魚竿/鱼竿 (yúgān)
- 魚符/鱼符
- 魚笱/鱼笱 (yúgǒu)
- 魚箋/鱼笺
- 魚簍/鱼篓 (yúlǒu)
- 魚米之鄉/鱼米之乡 (yúmǐzhīxiāng)
- 魚粉/鱼粉
- 魚粕/鱼粕
- 魚紋/鱼纹
- 魚網/鱼网 (yúwǎng)
- 魚線/鱼线
- 魚繭/鱼茧
- 魚缸/鱼缸 (yúgāng)
- 魚网/鱼网
- 魚罟/鱼罟
- 魚群/鱼群 (yúqún)
- 魚群探測器/鱼群探测器
- 魚翅/鱼翅 (yúchì)
- 魚肉/鱼肉 (yúròu)
- 魚肚/鱼肚 (yúdǔ)
- 魚肝油/鱼肝油 (yúgānyóu)
- 魚肚白/鱼肚白 (yúdùbái)
- 魚肥/鱼肥
- 魚脣/鱼唇 (yúchún)
- 魚腥/鱼腥
- 魚膠/鱼胶 (yújiāo)
- 魚花/鱼花 (yúhuā)
- 魚苗/鱼苗 (yúmiáo)
- 魚藤/鱼藤
- 魚藻/鱼藻
- 魚虎/鱼虎 (yúhǔ)
- 魚蝦/鱼虾 (yúxiā)
- 魚蝨/鱼虱
- 魚蟲/鱼虫 (yúchóng)
- 魚袋/鱼袋
- 魚論/鱼论
- 魚販/鱼贩 (yúfàn)
- 魚貫/鱼贯 (yúguàn)
- 魚躍救球/鱼跃救球
- 魚遊釜中/鱼游釜中
- 魚鉤/鱼钩 (yúgōu)
- 魚雁/鱼雁
- 魚雷/鱼雷 (yúléi)
- 魚雷艇/鱼雷艇
- 魚頭/鱼头 (yútóu)
- 魚類/鱼类 (yúlèi)
- 魚餌/鱼饵 (yú'ěr)
- 魚鬆/鱼松 (yúsōng)
- 魚鮓/鱼鲊
- 魚鮮/鱼鲜 (yúxiān)
- 魚鰭/鱼鳍 (yúqí)
- 魚鰾/鱼鳔 (yúbiào)
- 魚鱗/鱼鳞 (yúlín)
- 魚鳥/鱼鸟
- 魚鷹/鱼鹰 (yúyīng)
- 魚麗/鱼丽
- 魚鼓/鱼鼓 (yúgǔ)
- 魚龍/鱼龙 (yúlóng)
- 魚龍混雜/鱼龙混杂 (yúlónghùnzá)
- 魷魚/鱿鱼 (yóuyú)
- 鮑魚/鲍鱼 (bàoyú)
- 鮒魚/鲋鱼
- 鮪魚/鲔鱼 (wěiyú)
- 鮭魚/鲑鱼 (guīyú)
- 鯊魚/鲨鱼 (shāyú)
- 鯉魚/鲤鱼 (lǐyú)
- 鯽魚/鲫鱼 (jìyú)
- 鯧魚/鲳鱼 (chāngyú)
- 鯨魚/鲸鱼 (jīngyú)
- 鯢魚/鲵鱼
- 鯰魚/鲶鱼 (niányú)
- 鯗魚/鲞鱼 (xiǎngyú)
- 鯡魚/鲱鱼 (fēiyú)
- 鰈魚/鲽鱼
- 鰉魚/鳇鱼 (huángyú)
- 鰒魚/鳆鱼 (fùyú)
- 鰂魚涌/鲗鱼涌
- 鰤魚/𫚕鱼
- 鰻魚/鳗鱼
- 鰷魚/鲦鱼
- 鰲魚/鳌鱼
- 鰱魚/鲢鱼 (liányú)
- 鱄魚/𫚋鱼
- 鱈魚/鳕鱼 (xuěyú)
- 鱒魚/鳟鱼 (zūnyú)
- 鱖魚/鳜鱼 (guìyú)
- 鱔魚/鳝鱼 (shànyú)
- 鱷魚/鳄鱼 (èyú)
- 鱸魚/鲈鱼 (lúyú)
- 鳳尾魚/凤尾鱼 (fèngwěiyú)
- 鷂魚/鹞鱼
- 鹹魚/咸鱼 (xiányú)
- 鹹魚翻生/咸鱼翻生
- 鹹魚翻身/咸鱼翻身 (xiányú fānshēn)
- 黃魚/黄鱼 (huángyú)
- 墨魚/墨鱼 (mòyú)
- 黿魚/鼋鱼 (yuányú)
Descendants edit
References edit
- “魚”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #8084”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Mandarin and Taiwanese Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese edit
Kanji edit
Readings edit
- Go-on: ご (go)
- Kan-on: ぎょ (gyo, Jōyō)←ぎよ (gyo, historical)
- Kun: うお (uo, 魚, Jōyō)←うを (uwo, 魚, historical); さかな (sakana, 魚, Jōyō)
- Nanori: い (i); いお (io)←いを (iwo, historical); お (o)←を (wo, historical); な (na)
Compounds edit
Etymology 1 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
魚 |
さかな Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Cognate with 肴 (sakana, “side dish of meat or vegetables usually served with alcoholic beverages”), itself a compound of Old Japanese-derived elements 酒 (saka, bound apophonic form of sake2, “alcoholic beverage, especially sake”) + 肴, 菜, 魚 (na, “generic term for a side dish, especially vegetables, fish, or other meat”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- a fish, especially when used as food
- 庭で美味しい魚を食べた。
- Niwa de oishii sakana o tabeta.
- I ate a delicious fish in the garden.
- 2000 January 27, “レインボー・フィッシュ [Rainbow Fish]”, in Vol.7, Konami:
- 世にも珍しい七色の魚。捕まえるのはかなり難しい。
- Yonimo mezurashii nanairo no sakana. Tsukamaeru no wa kanari muzukashii.
- An extremely rare seven-colored fish. It is quite difficult to catch.
- 世にも珍しい七色の魚。捕まえるのはかなり難しい。
- 2011 May 14, “半魚獣・フィッシャービースト”, in Beginner's Edition 1, Konami:
- 陸では獣のように、海では魚のように素早く攻撃する。
- Riku de wa kemono no yō ni, umi de wa sakana no yō ni subayaku kōgeki suru.
- Like a beast on land, like a fish in the sea, he attacks swiftly.
- 陸では獣のように、海では魚のように素早く攻撃する。
- 庭で美味しい魚を食べた。
- a side dish, specifically referring to fish
- Synonym: お菜 (okazu)
Usage notes edit
- This is now the most common general word for fish in modern standard Japanese.
Derived terms edit
- 青魚 (aozakana)
- 生き魚 (ikizakana)
- 川魚 (kawazakana)
- 小魚 (kozakana)
- 下魚 (gezakana, “inferior fish, cheap fish”)
- 魚釣り (sakanatsuri)
- 魚屋 (sakanaya, “fishmonger, fish store/shop”)
- 魚河岸 (sakanagashi, “riverside fish market”)
- 塩魚 (shiozakana)
- 年取り魚 (toshitorizakana)
- 生魚 (namazakana)
- 煮魚 (nizakana)
- 干魚 (hizakana)
- 焼き魚 (yakizakana)
Etymology 2 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
魚 |
うお Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
/uwo/ → /uo/
From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *uwo.
Pronunciation edit
- (Tokyo) うお [ùó] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
- (Tokyo) うお [ùóꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[4]
- (Tokyo) うお [úꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[4]
- IPA(key): [ɯ̟ᵝo̞]
Audio (file)
Noun edit
- a fish
Derived terms edit
- 魚市場 (uo ichiba, “fish market”)
- 魚河岸 (uogashi, “riverside fish market”)
- 魚心 (uogokoro)
- うお座 (Uo-za)
- 魚印 (uojirushi)
- 魚釣り (uotsuri)
- 魚屋 (uoya)
- 青魚 (aōo)
- 活け魚 (ikeuo, “live fish and shellfish kept in a tank in a restaurant”)
- 海魚 (umiuo)
- 大魚 (ōuo)
- 鰹 (katsuo)
- 雷魚 (kaminariuo)
- 川魚 (kawauo, “river fish; freshwater fish”)
- 氷の魚 (kōri no uo)
- 山椒魚 (sanshōuo)
- 白魚 (shirauo, “icefish”)
- 棘魚 (togeuo, “stickleback fish”)
- 飛び魚 (tobiuo, “flying fish”)
- 針魚 (hariuo), 針魚 (hario)
- 針魚 (hariyo)
- 氷魚 (hiuo)
- 藻魚 (mōo)
Idioms edit
Proverbs edit
- 魚の釜中に遊ぶが若し (uo no fuchū ni asobu ga gotoshi)
- 魚の目に水見えず (uo no me ni mizu miezu)
- 魚は鯛 (uo wa tai)
- 魚を得て筌を忘る (uo o ete uke o wasuru)
Etymology 3 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
魚 |
いお Grade: 2 |
irregular |
/uwo/ → /iwo/ → /io/
Alteration of older uo, appearing from roughly the Heian period. Alternatively this might be the usage of an apophonic form *iwo; compare Proto-Ryukyuan *iwo.
Still used today in some dialects.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 4 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
魚 |
ぎょ Grade: 2 |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 魚 (MC ngjo).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Affix edit
Derived terms edit
- 魚影 (gyoei)
- 魚塩 (gyoen)
- 魚価 (gyoka)
- 魚介 (gyokai)
- 魚目 (gyomoku)
- 魚綾 (gyoryū)
- 魚綾 (gyoryō), 魚陵 (gyoryō), 魚竜 (gyoryō)
- 魚鱗 (gyorin)
- 魚類 (gyorui)
- 海魚 (kaigyo)
- 活魚 (katsugyo)
- 乾魚 (kangyo)
- 金魚 (kingyo)
- 水魚 (suigyo)
- 成魚 (seigyo)
- 鮮魚 (sengyo)
- 大魚 (taigyo)
- 稚魚 (chigyo)
- 人魚 (ningyo)
- 白魚 (hakugyo)
- 木魚 (mokugyo)
- 養魚 (yōgyo)
- 熱帯魚 (nettaigyo)
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997) 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Chinese 魚 (MC ngjo).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅌᅥᆼ (Yale: ngè) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | 고기〮 (Yale: kwòkí) | 어 (Yale: è) |
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ʌ̹]
- Phonetic hangul: [어]
Hanja edit
Compounds edit
References edit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]
Okinawan edit
Kanji edit
Readings edit
Compounds edit
- 飛魚 (tubū)
Etymology 1 edit
/ʔiu/ → /ʔiːu/ → /ʔiju/
Shift from iu below.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
魚 (iyu)
- a fish
- 魚取いが行ちゅん。
- Iyu tuiga ichun.
- I will go catch a fish.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Ryukyuan *iwo, from Proto-Japonic *iwo, apophonic form of *uwo. Cognate with Old Japanese 魚 (uwo).
Compare modern dialectal mainland Japanese 魚 (io), first appearing in print and becoming common from the Heian period, but likely extant earlier.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
魚 (iu)
- a fish
References edit
- “いう・いゆ【魚】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
Old Japanese edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
魚 (uwo) (kana うを)
- a fish
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Japanese: 魚 (uo, io)
Etymology 2 edit
Cognate with 肴 (na, “side dish”),[1][2][3] by extension that can refer to any kind of meat.
Noun edit
魚 (na) (kana な)
- a fish, especially when used as food
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 5, first variant poem 869, first variant:, text here
- 多良志比賣可尾能美許等能奈都良須等美多多志世利斯 伊志遠多礼美吉
- tarasi pi1me1 kami2 no2 mi-ko2to2 no2 na turasu to2 mi1-tatasi serisi isi wo tare mi1ki1
- Who saw the rock that rose up against us as we tried to catch the fish [or “catching sweetfishes”] belonging to the empress?
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Japanese: 魚 (sakana)
References edit
- ^ 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
魚: Hán Việt readings: ngư (
魚: Nôm readings: ngơ[1][2][3][4], ngư[1][2][3], ngớ[1][4], ngừ[3][4]
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trần (2004).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hồ (1976).
Yonaguni edit
Kanji edit
Readings edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
魚 (iyu)
Derived terms edit
Yoron edit
Kanji edit
Readings edit
Noun edit
魚 (yyū)