自然淘汰

Chinese

		nature; the natural world; natural nature; the natural world; natural; of or relating to nature	to rinse; to wash away
trad. (自然淘汰)		自然	淘汰
simp. #(自然淘汰)		自然	淘汰

Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 自然淘汰(しぜんとうた) (shizentōta).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zìrán táotài

  (Zhuyin): ㄗˋ ㄖㄢˊ ㄊㄠˊ ㄊㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zi⁶ jin⁴ tou⁴ taai³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chū-jiân tô-thài / chīr-jiân tô-thài

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zìrán táotài
    • Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄖㄢˊ ㄊㄠˊ ㄊㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zìhrán táotài
    • Wade–Giles: tzŭ⁴-jan² tʻao²-tʻai⁴
    • Yale: dz̀-rán táu-tài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhran taurtay
    • Palladius: цзыжань таотай (czyžanʹ taotaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʐän³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zi⁶ jin⁴ tou⁴ taai³
    • Yale: jih yìhn tòuh taai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi⁶ jin⁴ tou⁴ taai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ji⁶ yin⁴ tou⁴ tai³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː²² jiːn²¹ tʰou̯²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chū-jiân tô-thài
    • Tâi-lô: tsū-jiân tô-thài
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zuxjieen doi'taix
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su³³⁻²¹ ziɛn²³⁻³³ tɤ²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou-like accent in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chīr-jiân tô-thài
    • Tâi-lô: tsīr-jiân tô-thài

Noun

自然淘汰

1. natural selection

Synonyms

• 自然選擇／自然选择 (zìrán xuǎnzé)
• 天擇／天择 (tiānzé)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
自	然	淘	汰
し Grade: 2	ぜん Grade: 4	とう Hyōgaiji	た Grade: S
kan’on			kan’yōon

Etymology

Calque of English natural selection.

From 自(し)然(ぜん) (shizen, “natural”) + 淘(とう)汰(た) (tōta, “selection”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しぜんと​ーた [shìzéń tóꜜòtà] (Nakadaka – [4])
• IPA^(key): [ɕizẽ̞n to̞ːta̠]

Noun

自(し)然(ぜん)淘(とう)汰(た) • (shizen tōta) ^{←しぜんたうた (sizen tauta)?}

1. natural selection

Synonyms

• 自(し)然(ぜん)選(せん)択(たく) (shizen sentaku)

Related terms

• 進(しん)化(か) (shinka): evolution
• ダーウィニズム (dāwinizumu): Darwinism
• 適(てき)者(しゃ)生(せい)存(ぞん) (tekisha seizon): survival of the fittest

Descendants

• → Chinese: 自然淘汰 (zìrán táotài)

References

• Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
• 2002, Yasuo Kitahara, 明鏡国語辞典 (Meikyō Kokugo Jiten), First Edition (in Japanese), Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
自	然	淘	汰

Noun

自然淘汰 • (jayeondotae) (hangeul 자연도태)

1. Hanja form^? of 자연도태.