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然

然 U+7136, 然
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7136
← 焵
[U+7135] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 焷 →
[U+7137]

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

然 (radical 86, 火+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 月大火 (BKF), four-corner 23333, composition ⿱肰灬)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 675, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19149
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1086, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2213, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+7136

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 然
variant forms 𤉷

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 然
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
     
Characters in the same phonetic series (肰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嘫 *rneːn
然 *njen
肰 *njen
繎 *njon, *njen
燃 *njen
蹨 *njenʔ, *neːnʔ
橪 *njenʔ, *ʔneːn
撚 *neːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *njen): phonetic 肰 (OC *njen, “dog meat”) + semantic 火 (“fire”) – to burn. Also ideogrammic compound (會意). The derivative 燃 (OC *njen) stands for the original word in Modern Chinese.

Note that the upper left component is analyzed as 肉 (meat), and in the component 肰 it is drawn as a tilted 月 (“moon”), appearing more like 夕 (“evening”) with an extra stroke; compare 祭, 將.

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • riang5 - Shantou;
  • riêng5 - Chaozhou.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data▼
    Variety Location 然
    Mandarin Beijing /ʐan³⁵/
    Harbin /ʐan²⁴/
    Tianjin /ian⁴⁵/
    /ʐan⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ʐã⁴²/
    Qingdao /iã⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ʐan⁵³/
    /ʐan⁴²/ ～而
    Xi'an /ʐã²⁴/
    Xining /ʐã²⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʐan⁵³/
    Lanzhou /ʐɛ̃n⁵³/
    Ürümqi /ʐan⁵¹/
    Wuhan /nan²¹³/
    Chengdu /zan³¹/
    Guiyang /zan²¹/
    Kunming /ʐã̠³¹/
    Nanjing /ʐaŋ²⁴/
    Hefei /ʐæ̃⁵⁵/
    /ʐən⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /zæ̃¹¹/
    Pingyao /ʐɑŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /ʐæ̃⁵³/
    Wu Shanghai /zø²³/
    Suzhou /zø¹³/
    Hangzhou /zz̩ʷõ²¹³/
    Wenzhou /ji³¹/
    Hui Shexian /ie⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /iɛ⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /yẽ¹³/
    Xiangtan /iẽ¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /lɛn⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /ian¹¹/
    Taoyuan /ʒen¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jin²¹/
    Nanning /jin²¹/
    Hong Kong /jɐn²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /lian³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /yoŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /iŋ²¹/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /ziaŋ⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /zin³¹/
    Rime
    Character 然
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 日 (38)
    Final (韻) 仙 (77)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 如延切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ȵiᴇn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ȵiɛn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȵʑjæn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ȵian/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȵiɛn/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȵʑĭɛn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ȵʑi̯ɛn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		rán
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 然
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		rán
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ nyen ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[n]a[n]/
    English so, thus; (adv suffix)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 然
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 10756
    Phonetic
    component         		肰
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		然
    Old
    Chinese         		/*njen/

    DefinitionsEdit

    然

    1. † so; thus; in this manner; like this
      • 然後 / 然后  ―  ránhòu  ―  then [lit. after things turn out this way]
      • 不然  ―  bùrán  ―  or else, otherwise [lit. not so]
      • 非然也。 [Classical Chinese]  ―  Fēi rán yě. [Pinyin]  ―  It is not so. / That is not how it is.
    2. † Suffix forming adverbs, sometimes also adjectives, with an abstract meaning of “in the manner of, like”.
      • 顯然 / 显然  ―  xiǎnrán  ―  apparently, obviously
      • 果然  ―  guǒrán  ―  as expected [lit. as a result]
      • 龐然大物 / 庞然大物  ―  pángrándàwù  ―  giant, something enormous [lit. a bigly big thing]
      • 喟然長嘆 / 喟然长叹  ―  kuìránchángtàn  ―  to sigh (with 喟 being an onomatopoeia)
    3. † but

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 然

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    然

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. suffix after nouns to express likeness
    2. and; and then
    3. so, be as it is
    4. and therefore
    5. however (as shikashi)
    6. a certain thing

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    EtymologyEdit

    Kanji in this term
    然
    ぜん
    Grade: 4
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 然 (nyen, “-like”).

    PronunciationEdit

    SuffixEdit

    然 (hiragana ぜん, rōmaji -zen)

    1. Indicates a state (no specific semantic content)

    ReferencesEdit

    • Halpern, Jack: New Japanese-English Character Dictionary -Kenkyusha 1990

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    然 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    然 (nhiên)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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