苦悩
Japanese
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
苦 | 悩 |
く Grade: 3 |
のう Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
苦惱 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
edit/kunau/ → /kunɔː/ → /kunoː/
From Middle Chinese compound 苦惱/苦恼 (khuX nɑuX, literally “suffering + anger, hatred”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editVerb
edit苦悩する • (kunō suru) ←くなう (kunau)?suru (stem 苦悩し (kunō shi), past 苦悩した (kunō shita))
Conjugation
editConjugation of "苦悩する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 苦悩し | くのうし | kunō shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 苦悩し | くのうし | kunō shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 苦悩する | くのうする | kunō suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 苦悩する | くのうする | kunō suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 苦悩すれ | くのうすれ | kunō sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 苦悩せよ¹ 苦悩しろ² |
くのうせよ¹ くのうしろ² |
kunō seyo¹ kunō shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 苦悩される | くのうされる | kunō sareru | |
Causative | 苦悩させる 苦悩さす |
くのうさせる くのうさす |
kunō saseru kunō sasu | |
Potential | 苦悩できる | くのうできる | kunō dekiru | |
Volitional | 苦悩しよう | くのうしよう | kunō shiyō | |
Negative | 苦悩しない | くのうしない | kunō shinai | |
Negative continuative | 苦悩せず | くのうせず | kunō sezu | |
Formal | 苦悩します | くのうします | kunō shimasu | |
Perfective | 苦悩した | くのうした | kunō shita | |
Conjunctive | 苦悩して | くのうして | kunō shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 苦悩すれば | くのうすれば | kunō sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Synonyms
edit- 苦痛 (kutsū, “overtones of pain, possibly physical”)
- 心痛 (shintsū, “emotional pain”)
- 悩み (nayami, “general emotional anguish or worry”)
References
editCategories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 苦 read as く
- Japanese terms spelled with 悩 read as のう
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese suru verbs