Etymology
edit
From 波羅蜜 (“paramita; perfection”), with the addition of the 艹 (“grass”) radical to indicate a plant.
The association between paramita and jackfruit may have resulted from the confusion of the two Sanskrit loanwords 波羅蜜 (MC pa la mjit, “paramita”) and 波那娑 (MC pa na sa, “jackfruit”).
Pronunciation
edit
| Rime
|
| Character
|
菠
|
蘿
|
蜜
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
| Initial (聲)
|
幫 (1)
|
來 (37)
|
明 (4)
|
| Final (韻)
|
戈 (95)
|
歌 (94)
|
質 (48)
|
| Tone (調)
|
Level (Ø)
|
Level (Ø)
|
Checked (Ø)
|
| Openness (開合)
|
Closed
|
Open
|
Open
|
| Division (等)
|
I
|
I
|
III
|
| Fanqie
|
博禾切
|
魯何切
|
彌畢切
|
| Baxter
|
pa
|
la
|
mjit
|
| Reconstructions
|
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
|
/puɑ/
|
/lɑ/
|
/miɪt̚/
|
Pan
Wuyun
|
/puɑ/
|
/lɑ/
|
/mit̚/
|
Shao
Rongfen
|
/puɑ/
|
/lɑ/
|
/mjet̚/
|
Edwin
Pulleyblank
|
/pwa/
|
/la/
|
/mit̚/
|
Li
Rong
|
/puɑ/
|
/lɑ/
|
/miĕt̚/
|
Wang
Li
|
/puɑ/
|
/lɑ/
|
/mĭĕt̚/
|
Bernard
Karlgren
|
/puɑ/
|
/lɑ/
|
/mi̯ĕt̚/
|
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
|
bō
|
luó
|
mì
|
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
|
bo1
|
lo4
|
mat6
|
菠蘿蜜
- jackfruit; breadfruit
- (dialectal Mandarin, Northern Min, Wu) pineapple
Synonyms
edit
Dialectal synonyms of
菠蘿蜜 (“jackfruit”)
[map]
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
| Classical Chinese
|
波那娑, 婆那娑, 波那沙, 半橠娑, 半娜娑
|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
菠蘿蜜, 木菠蘿, 樹菠蘿
|
| Taxonomic name
|
菠蘿蜜
|
| Mandarin
|
Taiwan
|
菠蘿蜜
|
| Liuzhou
|
木菠蘿
|
| Nanning (Wuming)
|
木菠蘿
|
| Singapore
|
菠蘿蜜
|
| Kokang
|
牛肚子果
|
| Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
菠蘿蜜, 大樹菠蘿, 木菠蘿
|
| Hong Kong
|
大樹菠蘿, 菠蘿蜜
|
| Jiangmen (Xinhui)
|
大樹菠蘿
|
| Taishan (Guanghai)
|
樹菠蘿
|
| Yangjiang
|
菠蘿子
|
| Nanning
|
木菠蘿, 樹菠蘿
|
| Nanning (Tanka)
|
木菠蘿
|
| Wuzhou
|
木菠蘿
|
| Yulin
|
木菠蘿
|
| Hepu (Lianzhou)
|
木菠蘿
|
| Guiping (Jintian)
|
木菠蘿
|
| Baise
|
木菠蘿, 樹菠蘿
|
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)
|
木菠蘿
|
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)
|
大菠蘿
|
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
|
芒加
|
| Sarikei (Xinhui)
|
大樹菠蘿
|
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)
|
菠蘿蜜
|
| Móng Cái
|
木菠蘿
|
| Mandalay (Taishan)
|
菠蘿蜜
|
| Hakka
|
Senai (Huiyang)
|
芒加
|
| Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
菠蘿蜜
|
| Penang (Hokkien)
|
芒加
|
| Singapore (Hokkien)
|
芒加
|
| Chaozhou
|
菠蘿蜜
|
| Shantou
|
菠蘿蜜
|
| Shantou (Chenghai)
|
菠蘿蜜
|
| Jieyang
|
菠蘿蜜
|
| Johor Bahru (Teochew)
|
芒加
|
| Singapore (Teochew)
|
芒加, 菠蘿蜜
|
| Pontianak (Teochew)
|
菠蘿蜜
|
| Leizhou
|
包蘿
|
| Wenchang
|
包蜜
|
| Haikou
|
包蜜
|
| Zhongshan Min
|
Sanxiang
|
大樹菠蘿
|
| Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
木菠蘿
|
Dialectal synonyms of
菠蘿 (“pineapple”)
[map]
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
菠蘿, 鳳梨, 楓梨 rare
|
| Mandarin
|
Taiwan
|
鳳梨
|
| Harbin
|
菠蘿, 菠蘿蜜 suburbs, 風梨 dated
|
| Yantai (Muping)
|
菠蘿
|
| Jinan
|
菠蘿
|
| Xi'an
|
菠蘿
|
| Ürümqi
|
菠蘿
|
| Wuhan
|
菠蘿
|
| Chengdu
|
菠蘿
|
| Guiyang
|
菠蘿
|
| Guilin
|
菠蘿
|
| Guilin (Lingui)
|
菠蘿
|
| Liuzhou
|
菠蘿
|
| Liuzhou (Luorong)
|
菠蘿
|
| Nanning (Wuming)
|
菠蘿
|
| Xuzhou
|
菠蘿
|
| Yangzhou
|
菠蘿
|
| Nanjing
|
菠蘿
|
| Yanping
|
菠蘿梨
|
| Malaysia
|
黃梨
|
| Singapore
|
黃梨
|
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)
|
鳳梨, 菠蘿
|
| Kokang
|
打鑼錘
|
| Dagudi (Maliba)
|
菠蘿
|
| Reshuitang (Longling)
|
菠蘿
|
| Mae Salong (Lancang)
|
菠蘿, 大籮錘
|
| Mae Sai (Tengchong)
|
菠蘿
|
| Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
菠蘿
|
| Hong Kong
|
菠蘿
|
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)
|
菠蘿
|
| Macau
|
菠蘿
|
| Guangzhou (Panyu)
|
菠蘿
|
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
|
菠蘿
|
| Guangzhou (Conghua)
|
菠蘿
|
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng)
|
菠蘿
|
| Foshan
|
菠蘿
|
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)
|
菠蘿
|
| Foshan (Shunde)
|
菠蘿
|
| Foshan (Sanshui)
|
菠蘿
|
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
|
菠蘿
|
| Zhongshan (Shiqi)
|
菠蘿
|
| Zhuhai (Qianshan)
|
菠蘿
|
| Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)
|
菠蘿
|
| Zhuhai (Doumen)
|
菠蘿
|
| Jiangmen (Baisha)
|
菠蘿
|
| Jiangmen (Xinhui)
|
菠蘿
|
| Taishan
|
菠蘿
|
| Taishan (Guanghai)
|
菠蘿
|
| Kaiping (Chikan)
|
菠蘿
|
| Enping (Niujiang)
|
菠蘿
|
| Heshan (Yayao)
|
菠蘿
|
| Dongguan
|
菠蘿
|
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
|
菠蘿
|
| Maoming (Xinpo)
|
麻子, 菠蘿麻子
|
| Zhanjiang
|
麻子
|
| Lianjiang
|
麻子
|
| Wuchuan (Wuyang)
|
麻子
|
| Nanning
|
菠蘿
|
| Nanning (Tanka)
|
菠蘿
|
| Wuzhou
|
菠蘿
|
| Yulin
|
菠蘿
|
| Hepu (Lianzhou)
|
菠蘿
|
| Guiping
|
菠蘿
|
| Guiping (Jintian)
|
菠蘿
|
| Mengshan (Xihe)
|
菠蘿
|
| Guigang (Nanjiang)
|
菠蘿
|
| Beiliu (Tangliao)
|
菠蘿
|
| Baise
|
菠蘿
|
| Bobai
|
菠蘿
|
| Lingshan
|
菠蘿
|
| Pubei
|
菠蘿
|
| Qinzhou
|
菠蘿
|
| Beihai
|
菠蘿
|
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)
|
地菠蘿, 番菠蘿
|
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)
|
番菠蘿, 菠蘿仔
|
| Ningming
|
菠蘿
|
| Hengzhou
|
菠蘿
|
| Hezhou (Pumen)
|
菠蘿
|
| Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)
|
地菠蘿
|
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
|
黃梨
|
| Ipoh (Guangfu)
|
黃梨
|
| Sarikei (Xinhui)
|
黃梨
|
| Singapore (Guangfu)
|
黃梨
|
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)
|
菠蘿
|
| Móng Cái
|
地菠蘿
|
| Yangon (Taishan)
|
菠蘿, 黃梨
|
| Mandalay (Taishan)
|
菠蘿
|
| Bangkok (Guangfu)
|
黃梨
|
| Gan
|
Lichuan
|
菠蘿
|
| Pingxiang
|
菠蘿
|
| Hakka
|
Meixian
|
黃梨
|
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)
|
菠蘿
|
| Dongguan (Qingxi)
|
菠蘿
|
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)
|
菠蘿
|
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
|
菠蘿
|
| Wuhua (Shuizhai)
|
菠蘿
|
| Wuhua (Huacheng)
|
菠蘿
|
| Wuhua (Changbu)
|
菠蘿
|
| Conghua (Lütian)
|
菠蘿
|
| Jiexi
|
番梨
|
| Luhe
|
菠蘿
|
| Pinghe (Jiufeng)
|
番梨
|
| Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
黃梨
|
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
黃梨
|
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
黃梨
|
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
黃梨
|
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
黃梨
|
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
番梨
|
| Hong Kong
|
菠蘿
|
| Beiliu (Tang'an)
|
菠蘿
|
| Mashan (Pianlian)
|
菠蘿
|
| Sabah (Longchuan)
|
黃梨, 菠蘿
|
| Senai (Huiyang)
|
黃梨
|
| Kuching (Hepo)
|
黃梨
|
| Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)
|
黃梨
|
| Bangkok (Meixian)
|
黃梨
|
| Bangkok (Fengshun)
|
番梨
|
| Bangkok (Jiexi)
|
番梨
|
| Huizhou
|
Jixi
|
菠蘿
|
| Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
菠蘿
|
| Xinzhou
|
菠蘿
|
| Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
菠蘿蜜
|
| Songxi
|
菠蘿
|
| Jianyang
|
菠蘿蜜
|
| Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
黃梨
|
| Changle
|
黃梨
|
| Fuqing
|
黃梨, 芋梨
|
| Yongtai
|
黃梨
|
| Gutian
|
黃梨
|
| Fu'an
|
菠蘿
|
| Ningde
|
黃梨
|
| Shouning
|
黃梨
|
| Zhouning
|
黃梨, 菠蘿
|
| Fuding
|
菠蘿
|
| Matsu
|
黃梨
|
| Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
王梨
|
| Xiamen (Tong'an)
|
王梨
|
| Quanzhou
|
王梨
|
| Jinjiang
|
王梨
|
| Zhangzhou
|
王梨
|
| Zhangzhou (Changtai)
|
王梨
|
| Pinghe
|
王梨
|
| Zhangpu
|
王梨
|
| Zhao'an
|
王梨
|
| Dongshan
|
王梨
|
| Taipei
|
王梨
|
| Taipei (Wanhua)
|
王梨
|
| New Taipei (Tamsui)
|
王梨
|
| New Taipei (Sanxia)
|
王梨
|
| New Taipei (Pingxi)
|
王梨
|
| Kaohsiung
|
王梨
|
| Kaohsiung (Cijin)
|
王梨
|
| Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)
|
王梨
|
| Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)
|
王梨
|
| Kaohsiung (Tianliao)
|
王梨
|
| Yilan
|
王梨
|
| Yilan (Toucheng)
|
王梨
|
| Changhua (Lukang)
|
王梨
|
| Taichung
|
王梨
|
| Taichung (Wuqi)
|
王梨
|
| Tainan
|
王梨
|
| Tainan (Anping)
|
王梨
|
| Taitung
|
王梨
|
| Hsinchu
|
王梨
|
| Kinmen
|
王梨
|
| Penghu (Magong)
|
王梨
|
| Penghu (Xiyu)
|
王梨
|
| Penang (Hokkien)
|
王梨
|
| Singapore (Hokkien)
|
王梨
|
| Manila (Hokkien)
|
王梨
|
| Longyan
|
王梨
|
| Zhangping (Yongfu)
|
王梨
|
| Pingnan (Shangdu)
|
菠蘿
|
| Pingnan (Sijie)
|
菠蘿
|
| Pingle (Zhoutang)
|
菠蘿
|
| Lechang (Tatou)
|
菠蘿
|
| Yingde (Yuzui)
|
菠蘿
|
| Yunan (Liantan)
|
菠蘿
|
| Chaozhou
|
番梨
|
| Raoping
|
番梨
|
| Shantou
|
番梨
|
| Shantou (Chenghai)
|
番梨
|
| Shantou (Chaoyang)
|
番梨
|
| Jieyang
|
番梨, 菠蘿
|
| Lufeng
|
王梨
|
| Haifeng
|
菠蘿
|
| Bangkok (Teochew)
|
紅梨
|
| Chiang Mai (Teochew)
|
紅梨
|
| Hat Yai (Teochew)
|
紅梨
|
| Johor Bahru (Teochew)
|
紅梨
|
| Singapore (Teochew)
|
王梨
|
| Pontianak (Teochew)
|
紅梨, 王梨
|
| Leizhou
|
菠蘿, 櫓蔸籽, 日蔸籽
|
| Wenchang
|
菠蘿, 番簍
|
| Haikou
|
圓導, 番圓導
|
| Puxian Min
|
Putian
|
王梨
|
| Putian (Donghai)
|
王梨
|
| Putian (Jiangkou)
|
王梨
|
| Putian (Nanri)
|
王梨
|
| Xianyou
|
王梨
|
| Xianyou (Fengting)
|
王梨
|
| Xianyou (Youyang)
|
王梨
|
| Fuding (Aoyao)
|
王梨
|
| Central Min
|
Yong'an
|
菠蘿
|
| Zhongshan Min
|
Shaxi (Longdu)
|
菠蘿
|
| Sanxiang
|
菠蘿
|
| Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
菠蘿
|
| Nanning (Shajing)
|
菠蘿
|
| Binyang (Xinqiao)
|
菠蘿
|
| Northern Pinghua
|
Guilin (Chaoyang)
|
菠蘿
|
| Guilin (Zhuyuan)
|
菠蘿
|
| Lingchuan (Tanxia)
|
菠蘿
|
| Wu
|
Shanghai
|
菠蘿蜜, 菠蘿
|
| Shanghai (Chongming)
|
菠蘿
|
| Shanghai (Songjiang)
|
菠蘿
|
| Suzhou
|
菠蘿, 菠蘿蜜 suburbs
|
| Danyang
|
菠蘿
|
| Hangzhou
|
菠蘿
|
| Ningbo
|
菠蘿
|
| Wenzhou
|
菠蘿
|
| Jinhua
|
菠蘿蜜, 菠蘿
|
| Xiang
|
Changsha
|
菠蘿
|
| Quanzhou
|
菠蘿
|
| Guanyang (Wenshi)
|
菠蘿
|
Derived terms
edit
