禾

See also: 夫, 末, 天, 未, and 夭

禾	U+79BE, 禾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79BE

← 禽
[U+79BD]

CJK Unified Ideographs

禿 →
[U+79BF]

⽲	U+2F72, ⽲ KANGXI RADICAL GRAIN

← ⽱
[U+2F71]

Kangxi Radicals

⽳ →
[U+2F73]

Translingual edit

Stroke order (Japan)

Stroke order

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 848, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24906
Dae Jaweon: page 1270, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2588, character 1
Unihan data for U+79BE

Chinese edit

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 禾
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (禾) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
科	kʰoːl, kʰoːls
萪	*kʰoːl
蝌	*kʰoːl
犐	*kʰoːl
禾	*ɡoːl
和	ɡoːl, ɡoːls
咊	*ɡoːl
盉	ɡoːl, ɡoːls
龢	*ɡoːl
鉌	*ɡoːl
俰	*ɡoːls

Pictogram (象形) – picture of a plant stalk. The stalk is more recognizable in older form.

Etymology 1 edit

simp. and trad.		禾

Cognate with Tibetan གྲོ (gro, “wheat”) (Hill, 2019).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hé (he²)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wo⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): uo⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): vô

(Meixian, Guangdong): vo²
Jin (Wiktionary): hue³
Northern Min (KCR): ô
Eastern Min (BUC): huò
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hô / hô͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): hua⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶wu
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): o²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hé
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hé
  - Wade–Giles: ho²
  - Yale: hé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
  - Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wo⁴
  - Yale: wòh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wo⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɔː²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: uo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uo³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vô
  - Hakka Romanization System: vo´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: vo¹
  - Sinological IPA: /vo²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: vo²
  - Sinological IPA: /ʋo¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: hue³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /xuɤ⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ô
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /o³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: huò
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huo⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô
  - Tâi-lô: hô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hooi
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ho¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ho²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ²³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô͘
  - Tâi-lô: hôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hua⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hua⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶wu
  - MiniDict: wu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦu²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: o²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /o¹³/

Middle Chinese: hwa

Rime
Character	禾
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	戸戈切
Baxter	hwa
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwa/
Li Rong	/ɣuɑ/
Wang Li	/ɣuɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wo⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤoj/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡoːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	禾
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hé
Middle Chinese	‹ hwa ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ˁoj/
English	growing grain
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	禾
Reading #	1/1
No.	4931
Phonetic component	禾
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	和
Old Chinese	/*ɡoːl/

Definitions edit

禾

grain; cereal
rice plant

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 稻子 (“rice (plant)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		稻
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		稻子, 稻
Mandarin	Beijing	稻子
	Taiwan	稻子
	Harbin	稻子
	Yantai (Muping)	稻子
	Jinan	稻子
	Luoyang	稻子
	Zhengzhou	稻
	Xi'an	稻子
	Yinchuan	稻子
	Lanzhou	稻子
	Xining	稻子
	Ürümqi	稻子
	Wuhan	稻穀, 穀
	Chengdu	穀子
	Kunming	稻子, 穀子
	Guilin	穀子
	Liuzhou	禾, 穀子
	Xuzhou	稻子, 稻
	Yangzhou	稻子, 稻
	Nanjing	稻子
	Hefei	稻
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	稻子
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	稻子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	禾
	Hong Kong	禾
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	禾
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	禾
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	禾
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	禾
	Macau	禾
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	禾
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	禾
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	禾
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	禾
	Foshan	禾
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	禾
	Foshan (Shunde)	禾
	Foshan (Sanshui)	禾
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	穀
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	禾
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	禾
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	禾
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	禾
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	禾
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	禾
	Taishan	禾
	Kaiping (Chikan)	禾
	Enping (Niujiang)	禾
	Heshan (Yayao)	穀
	Dongguan	禾
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	禾
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	禾
	Qingyuan	禾
	Fogang	禾仔
	Yingde (Hanguang)	禾仔
	Yangshan	禾
	Lianshan (Butian)	禾
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	禾
	Shaoguan	禾
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	禾
	Renhua	禾
	Lechang	禾
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	禾
	Sihui	禾仔
	Guangning	禾
	Deqing	禾
	Huaiji	禾
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	禾
	Yunfu	穀翁
	Xinxing	禾
	Luoding	禾
	Yunan (Pingtai)	禾
	Yangjiang	禾
	Xinyi	禾
	Maoming (Xinpo)	禾
	Lianjiang	禾
	Nanning	禾, 穀
	Wuzhou	禾
	Yulin	穀
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	穀子, 禾
	Hepu (Shatian)	禾
	Guiping	穀
	Mengshan (Xihe)	穀
	Guigang (Nanjiang)	穀
	Beiliu (Tangliao)	穀
	Baise	穀
	Bobai	禾
Lingshan	穀
Pubei	穀
Qinzhou	禾
Beihai	禾
Beihai (Nankang)	禾
Beihai (Yingpan)	禾
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	禾
Ningming	穀
Hengzhou	穀
Hezhou (Pumen)	穀
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	禾
Danzhou	禾
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	禾
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	禾
Móng Cái	禾
Gan	Nanchang	禾
	Lichuan	禾
	Pingxiang	禾
	Jianning	禾
	Taining	禾
Hakka	Meixian	禾
	Xingning	禾
	Dabu (Xihe)	禾
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	禾, 穀
	Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)	穀
	Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)	穀
	Huiyang	禾
	Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)	穀
	Huidong (Daling)	禾
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	禾
	Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)	穀, 禾
	Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)	穀, 禾
	Boluo (Bendihua)	穀
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	禾
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	禾
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	禾
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	禾
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	禾
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	禾
	Wuhua (Changbu)	禾
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	禾, 禾苗
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	穀, 禾
	Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)	穀
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	禾, 穀
	Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)	穀
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	穀
	Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)	穀
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	穀
	Wengyuan	禾
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	禾
	Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)	穀
	Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)	穀
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	禾
	Liannan	禾
	Conghua (Lütian)	禾
	Jiexi	禾
	Luhe	禾
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	禾
	Pinghe (Jiufeng)	禾
	Changting	禾
	Shanghang	禾
	Yongding	禾
	Wuping	禾
	Wuping (Yanqian)	禾
	Wuping (Pingyu)	禾
	Liancheng	禾
	Ninghua	禾
	Qingliu	禾
	Yudu	禾
	Ningdu	禾
	Ruijin	禾
	Shicheng	禾
	Shangyou (Shexi)	禾
	Tonggu (Sandu)	禾
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	禾
	Dayu	禾
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	禾仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	禾仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	禾仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	禾
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	禾仔, 禾
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	禾
	Hong Kong	禾
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	禾
Yangchun (Sanjia)	禾
Xinyi (Sihe)	禾
Xinyi (Qianpai)	禾
Gaozhou (Xindong)	禾
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	禾
Huazhou (Xin'an)	禾
Lianjiang (Shijiao)	禾
Lianjiang (Qingping)	禾
Mengshan (Xihe)	禾
Luchuan	禾
Luchuan (Daqiao)	稻穀
Beiliu (Tang'an)	穀
Mashan (Pianlian)	穀
Sabah (Longchuan)	禾
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu)	禾
Senai (Huiyang)	禾
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	禾
Singkawang	禾
Huizhou	Jixi	稻
	Shexian	稻
	Tunxi	稻
	Xiuning	稻
	Yixian	稻
	Qimen	穀, 稻子
	Wuyuan	禾
Jin	Taiyuan	稻子
	Pingyao	稻
	Xinzhou	稻子
	Hohhot	稻子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	禾, 早仔
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	禾
	Songxi	穀
	Zhenghe	粟
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	禾
	Jianyang	早仔
	Jianyang (Huangkeng)	禾
	Wuyishan	早仔
	Pucheng (Shibei)	禾
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	粙
	Changle	粙
	Lianjiang	粙
	Fuqing	粙
	Pingtan	粙
	Yongtai	粙
	Minqing	粙
	Gutian	粙
	Pingnan	粙
	Luoyuan	粙
	Fu'an	粙
	Ningde	粙
	Xiapu	粙
	Zherong	粙
	Shouning	粙, 禾
	Zhouning	粙
	Fuding	粙
	Youxi	禾
	Youxi (Xiyang, Xibin)	禾
	Youxi (Tiantang, Yangzhong)	禾
	Youxi (Tangchuan)	粙
	Youxi (Zhongxian)	禾
	Matsu	粙
Southern Min	Xiamen	粙仔, 粙
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	粙仔
	Quanzhou	粙, 粙仔
	Jinjiang	粙仔
	Nan'an	粙仔
	Shishi	粙仔
	Hui'an	粙仔
	Anxi	粙仔
	Yongchun	粙仔, 粙
	Dehua	粙
	Zhangzhou	粙仔, 粙
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	粙仔
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	粙仔
	Hua'an	粙仔, 禾
	Nanjing	粙仔
	Pinghe	粙仔
	Zhangpu	粙仔
	Yunxiao	粙
	Zhao'an	粙
	Dongshan	粙
	Taipei	粙仔
	Kaohsiung	粙仔
	Yilan	粙仔
	Changhua (Lukang)	粙仔
	Taichung	粙仔
	Taichung (Wuqi)	粙仔
	Tainan	粙仔
	Taitung	粙仔
	Hsinchu	粙仔
	Kinmen	粙仔
	Penghu (Magong)	粙
	Singapore (Hokkien)	粙仔, 粙
	Longyan	禾
	Zhangping	禾
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	禾
	Datian	禾
	Datian (Guangping)	禾
	Youxi (Jiemian, Banmian)	粙
	Youxi (Longyi, Xinyang)	禾
	Chaozhou	粙
	Shantou	粙
	Shantou (Chenghai)	粙
	Jieyang	粙
	Haifeng	粙
	Bangkok (Teochew)	粙
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	粙
	Leizhou	粙
	Wenchang	粙
	Haikou	粙
Puxian Min	Putian	粙
Puxian Min	Xianyou	粙
Central Min	Yong'an	禾
	Sanyuan	禾
	Shaxian	禾
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	禾
	Guangze	禾
	Jiangle	禾
	Mingxi	禾
	Shunchang	禾
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	粙
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	粙
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	穀
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	穀子
Shehua	Fu'an	禾
	Fuding	禾
	Luoyuan	禾
	Sanming	禾
	Shunchang	禾
	Hua'an	禾
	Guixi (Zhangping)	禾
	Cangnan	禾
	Jingning	禾
	Lishui	禾
	Longyou	禾
	Chaozhou	禾
	Fengshun	禾
Wu	Shanghai	稻
	Shanghai (Chongming)	稻
	Suzhou	稻
	Wuxi	稻
	Danyang	稻
	Hangzhou	稻, 稻子
	Ningbo	稻
	Wenzhou	稻
	Pucheng	穀
Xiang	Changsha	禾
	Xiangtan	禾
	Loudi	禾
	Shuangfeng	禾
	Quanzhou	禾, 穀子

Compounds edit

一禾九穗 (yīhéjiǔsuì)
嘉禾 (jiāhé)
拔禾
故宮禾黍／故宫禾黍
柴禾 (cháihé)
禾亭 (Hétíng)
禾倈／禾俫
禾場／禾场
禾旦
禾木旁 (hémùpáng)
禾本科
禾槁
禾稈草／禾秆草
禾稻 (hédào)
禾稼
禾絹／禾绢
禾苗 (hémiáo)
禾菽
禾蟲／禾虫 (héchóng)
禾黍
黃禾／黄禾