博

See also: 愽

博 U+535A, 博 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-535A ← 卙 [U+5359] CJK Unified Ideographs 卛 → [U+535B]

博 U+2F82E, 博 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F82E ← 卑 [U+2F82D] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 即 → [U+2F82F]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

博 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+10, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十戈月戈 (JIBI), four-corner 4304₆, composition ⿰十尃)

Derived characters

• 𠽢, 𣽡, 𭧧, 𫓆, 𮑀, 簙

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 157, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2761
• Dae Jaweon: page 360, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 66, character 2
• Unihan data for U+535A

• Unihan data for U+2F82E

Bala

Etymology

Cognate with Manchu ᠪᠣᠣ (boo).

Noun

博 (bo)

1. family

References

• “The Only Known Text from Bala, an Extinct Tungusic Language”, in Studia Orientalia Electronica‎^[1], volume 9, number 1, 2021, pages 173–191

Chinese

trad.		博
simp. #		博
2nd round simp.		⿰十⿺专丶
alternative forms		卜 (poh) Hokkien

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 博
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (甫) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
豧	*pʰoːs, *pʰa, *pʰas
縛	*baːɡs, *baɡ
逋	*paː
餔	*paː, *baːs
晡	*paː
庯	*paː
陠	*paː, *pʰaː
鵏	*paː, *baːs
峬	*paː
誧	*paː, *pʰaː, *pʰaːʔ, *pʰaːs
秿	*paː, *pʰa, *baʔ
鯆	*paː, *pʰaː, *paʔ
補	*paːʔ
圃	*paːʔ, *paːs
鋪	*pʰaː, *pʰaːs, *pʰa
痡	*pʰaː, *pʰa
浦	*pʰaːʔ
烳	*pʰaːʔ
溥	*pʰaːʔ, *paːɡ
悑	*pʰaːs
酺	*baː
匍	*baː
蜅	*baː, *paʔ
脯	*baː, *paʔ
葡	*baː
蒱	*baː
蒲	*baː
簿	*baːʔ, *baːɡ
捕	*baːs
哺	*baːs
簠	*pa, *paʔ, *pʰas
甫	*paʔ
黼	*paʔ
莆	*paʔ
俌	*paʔ, *pʰaʔ
郙	*paʔ, *pʰa
傅	*paɡs
搏	*paɡs, *paːɡ, *pʰaːɡ
麱	*pʰa
尃	*pʰa
榑	*ba
輔	*baʔ
鬴	*baʔ
賻	*baɡs
博	*paːɡ
髆	*paːɡ
鎛	*paːɡ
猼	*paːɡ
餺	*paːɡ
簙	*paːɡ
鑮	*paːɡ, *baːɡ
欂	*paːɡ, *baɡ, *breːɡ
蒪	*pʰaːɡ
膊	*pʰaːɡ
薄	*baːɡ
礡	*baːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *paːɡ): semantic 十 (“ten”) + phonetic 尃 (OC *pʰa).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bó (bo²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄛˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bok³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): bok²

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): pok

  (Hailu, HRS): bog

  (Meixian, Guangdong): bog⁵

• Eastern Min (BUC): báuk
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): porh⁶ / borh⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): phok / pok / poh

  (Teochew, Peng'im): pag⁴

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷poq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bó
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bó
    • Wade–Giles: po²
    • Yale: bwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
    • Palladius: бо (bo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: bok³
    • Yale: bok
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bok⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: bog³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔːk̚³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: bok²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔk̚⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pok
    • Hakka Romanization System: bog^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bog⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /pok̚²/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: bog
    • Sinological IPA: /pok⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: bog⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /pɔk̚¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: báuk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑuʔ²⁴/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: porh⁶
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: po̤h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɒʔ²¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: porh⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɒʔ²/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: borh⁶
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bo̤h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɒʔ²¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: borh⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɒʔ²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phok
    • Tâi-lô: phok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phog
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰɔk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pok
    • Tâi-lô: pok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pog
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔk̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: poh
    • Tâi-lô: poh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: poiq
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /poʔ³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /poʔ⁵/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤʔ³²/

Note:

• phok/pok - literary;
• poh - vernacular (“to try without certainty; maybe”).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: pag⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phak
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰak̚²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷poq
    • MiniDict: poh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴poq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /poʔ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: pak

Rime
Character	博
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	鐸 (104)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	補各切
Baxter	pak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pwɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pʷɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/puɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pwak̚/
Li Rong	/puɑk̚/
Wang Li	/puɑk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pwɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bok3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤak/

  (Zhengzhang): /*paːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	博
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bó
Middle Chinese	‹ pak ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁak/
English	broad
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	博
Reading #	1/1
No.	3474
Phonetic component	甫
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	博
Old Chinese	/*paːɡ/

Definitions

博

1. abundant; plentiful; rich
2. wide; broad
3. to thoroughly understand; to be well versed in
4. to win; to court

   以博歡心／以博欢心  ―  yǐ bó huānxīn  ―  in order to win somebody's favour

   博同情 [Cantonese]  ―  bok³ tung⁴ cing⁴ [Jyutping]  ―  to gain somebody's sympathy

5. (historical) Liubo (an ancient Chinese board game)

   alt. forms: 簙 (bó)

6. to gamble; to play games
7. (Hokkien) to try without certainty (hoping to get some benefit by chance)
8. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) maybe; perhaps; probably
9. Short for 博覽／博览 (bólǎn, “expo”).
10. Short for 博客 (bókè, “blog”).
11. Short for 博士 (bóshì, “doctoral degree”).
12. a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 賭 (“to bet (money)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		賭
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	賭
	Singapore	賭
Cantonese	Guangzhou	賭
	Hong Kong	賭
	Singapore (Guangfu)	賭
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	賭
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	賭
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	賭
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	賭
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	賭
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	賭
Southern Min	Xiamen	跋
	Quanzhou	跋
	Zhangzhou	跋
	Tainan	跋
	Singapore (Hokkien)	博

• (maybe):

edit

• 也許 / 也许 (yěxǔ)
• 保不住 (bǎobuzhù) (colloquial)
• 保不定 (bǎobudìng) (colloquial)
• 保不齊 / 保不齐 (bǎobuqí) (colloquial)
• 備不住 / 备不住 (bèibuzhù) (regional)
• 凡勢 / 凡势 (hoān-sè) (Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 博定 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 可能 (kěnéng)
• 容許 / 容许 (róngxǔ) (literary)
• 怕係 / 怕系 (Hakka)
• 怕是 (pàshì)
• 或者 (huòzhě)
• 或許 / 或许 (huòxǔ)
• 指不定 (zhǐbùdìng)
• 搞不好 (gǎobùhǎo)
• 歉采 (Hokkien)
• 殼張 / 壳张 (⁷khoq-tsan) (Wu, dated)
• 沒準兒 / 没准儿 (méizhǔnr) (colloquial)
• 無定著 / 无定著 (Hokkien)
• 興許 / 兴许 (xīngxǔ) (colloquial)
• 話勿出 / 话勿出 (⁶gho-veq-tsheq) (Wu)
• 話唔埋 / 话唔埋 (waa⁶ m⁴ maai⁴) (Cantonese)
• 話唔定 / 话唔定 (waa⁶ m⁴ ding⁶) (Cantonese)
• 說不定 / 说不定 (shuōbùdìng)
• 講勿定 / 讲勿定 (⁵kaon-veq-din) (Wu)
• 講唔定 / 讲唔定 (gong² m⁴ ding⁶) (Cantonese)
• 難免 / 难免 (nánmiǎn)

Compounds

• 五經博士 / 五经博士
• 仁言利博
• 六博 (liùbó)
• 博克達山 / 博克达山
• 博取 (bóqǔ)
• 博古 (bógǔ)
• 博古兒 / 博古儿
• 博古圖錄 / 博古图录
• 博古知今
• 博古通今 (bógǔtōngjīn)
• 博士 (bóshì)
• 博士學位 / 博士学位 (bóshì xuéwèi)
• 博士弟子
• 博士買驢 / 博士买驴 (bóshìmǎilǘ)
• 博大 (bódà)
• 博大精深 (bódàjīngshēn)
• 博奕
• 博奧 / 博奥
• 博學 / 博学 (bóxué)
• 博學多才 / 博学多才 (bóxuéduōcái)
• 博學多聞 / 博学多闻 (bóxuéduōwén)
• 博學宏詞 / 博学宏词
• 博學洽聞 / 博学洽闻
• 博學篇 / 博学篇
• 博學鴻儒 / 博学鸿儒
• 博客 (bókè)
• 博局
• 博山香爐 / 博山香炉 (bóshān xiānglú)
• 博巴
• 博弈 (bóyì)
• 博弈論 / 博弈论 (bóyìlùn)
• 博徒
• 博得 (bódé)
• 博愛 / 博爱 (bó'ài)
• 博愛座 / 博爱座 (bó'àizuò)
• 博愛濟群 / 博爱济群
• 博戲 / 博戏
• 博換 / 博换
• 博文約禮 / 博文约礼 (bówényuēlǐ)
• 博斯坦 (Bósītǎn)
• 博斯騰湖 / 博斯腾湖
• 博施濟眾 / 博施济众
• 博易
• 博望侯
• 博望坡
• 博洽 (bóqià)
• 博浪
• 博浪沙
• 博浪飛椎 / 博浪飞椎
• 博浪鼓
• 博淄煤礦 / 博淄煤矿
• 博濟醫院 / 博济医院
• 博父國 / 博父国
• 博爾赤 / 博尔赤
• 博物 (bówù)
• 博物多聞 / 博物多闻
• 博物學 / 博物学 (bówùxué)
• 博物志
• 博物洽聞 / 博物洽闻
• 博物院 (bówùyuàn)
• 博物館 / 博物馆 (bówùguǎn)
• 博磨
• 博社 (Bóshè)
• 博而不精 (bó'érbùjīng)
• 博聞 / 博闻 (bówén)
• 博聞多見 / 博闻多见
• 博聞多識 / 博闻多识
• 博聞強記 / 博闻强记 (bówénqiángjì)
• 博聞強識 / 博闻强识 (bówénqiángzhì)
• 博聞彊志 / 博闻强志
• 博聞彊記 / 博闻强记
• 博聞閎覽 / 博闻闳览
• 博興 / 博兴 (Bóxīng)
• 博覽 / 博览 (bólǎn)
• 博覽五車 / 博览五车
• 博覽古今 / 博览古今
• 博覽會 / 博览会 (bólǎnhuì)
• 博覽群書 / 博览群书 (bólǎnqúnshū)
• 博識 / 博识 (bóshí)
• 博貫 / 博贯
• 博達 / 博达
• 博郎鼓
• 博雅 (bóyǎ)
• 國家博士 / 国家博士
• 土博士
• 地大物博 (dìdàwùbó)
• 太常博士
• 奧博 / 奥博 (àobó)
• 女博士
• 學問淵博 / 学问渊博
• 守約施博 / 守约施博
• 寬博 / 宽博
• 峨冠博帶 / 峨冠博带
• 廣博 / 广博 (guǎngbó)
• 彊記博聞 / 强记博闻
• 打博
• 旁徵博引 / 旁征博引 (pángzhēngbóyǐn)
• 氾博
• 沉博絕麗 / 沉博绝丽
• 汪洋浩博
• 洽聞博見 / 洽闻博见
• 浩博 (hàobó)
• 淄博 (Zībó)
• 淵博 / 渊博 (yuānbó)
• 淹博
• 淄博煤礦 / 淄博煤矿
• 深稽博考
• 溥博
• 由博返約 / 由博返约
• 知今博古
• 磨博士
• 算博士
• 米鹽博辯 / 米盐博辩
• 繁博
• 花博士
• 茶博士
• 袂博假博 (bē-phok-ké-phok) (Min Nan)
• 褒衣博帶 / 褒衣博带
• 見聞廣博 / 见闻广博
• 該博 / 该博
• 賅博 / 赅博
• 賭博 / 赌博 (dǔbó)
• 賭博場 / 赌博场
• 賭博罪 / 赌博罪
• 超博士
• 通今博古
• 通古博今
• 鄂博 (èbó)
• 酒博士
• 閎覽博物 / 闳览博物
• 零和博弈 (línghé bóyì)
• 風流博浪 / 风流博浪
• 高冠博帶 / 高冠博带
• 高才博學 / 高才博学
• 鴻博 / 鸿博

References

• “博”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “博”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 18.

Japanese

See also 博す, and 博する

Shinjitai	博
Kyūjitai	博󠄁 博+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	博󠄄 博+󠄄? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

博

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. wide, broad, extensive
2. gambling

Readings

• Go-on: はく (haku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: はく (haku, Jōyō)
• Kan’yō-on: ばく (baku, Jōyō ^†)
• Kun: ひろい (hiroi, 博い)、ひろめる (hiromeru)
• Nanori: とおる (tōru)、はか (haka)、ひろ (hiro)、ひろし (hiroshi)、ひろむ (hiromu)

Compounds

• 医博(いはく) (ihaku, “doctor of medicine”)
• 該博(がいはく) (gaihaku, “profundity; profound”)
• 賭博(とばく) (tobaku, “gambling”)
• 博士(はかせ) (hakase, “doctor; expert”)
• 博多(はかた) (hakata, “Hakata”)
• 博愛(はくあい) (hakuai, “fraternity”)
• 博奕(ばくえき) (bakueki, “gambling”)
• 博雅(はくが) (hakuga, “erudition; erudite”)
• 博学(はくがく) (hakugaku, “erudition; erudite”)
• 博戯(はくぎ) (hakugi, “gambling game”)
• 博士(はくし) (hakushi, “doctor”)
• 博識(はくしき) (hakushiki, “erudition; erudite”)
• 博捜(はくそう) (hakusō, “wide search”)
• 博大(はくだい) (hakudai, “large and wide​”)
• 博打(ばくち) (bakuchi, “gambling”)
• 博徒(ばくと) (bakuto, “gambler”)
• 博物(はくぶつ) (hakubutsu, “natural history; wide learning”)
• 博聞(はくぶん) (hakubun, “well-informed, erudite​”)
• 博覧(はくらん) (hakuran, “public exhibition; extensive knowledge”)
• 万博(ばんぱく) (banpaku, “international exposition, expo”)
• 文博(ぶんはく) (bunhaku, “doctor of literature​”)
• 理博(りはく) (rihaku, “doctor of science​”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
博
はく Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 博 (MC pak).

Suffix

博(はく) • (-haku) 

1. doctor, PhD

   医(い)博(はく) ― ihaku ― doctor of medicine

2. exposition, fair

   万国(ばんこく)博(はく) ― bankokuhaku ― international exposition

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
博
ひろし Grade: 4
nanori

Proper noun

博(ひろし) • (Hiroshi) 

1. a male given name

Korean

Hanja

博 (eumhun 넓을 박 (neolbeul bak))

1. hanja form^? of 박 (“wide; broad”)

Compounds

• 도박 (賭博, dobak, “gambling”)
• 박사 (博士, baksa, “a doctor (person who has attained a doctorate)”)
• 박물관 (博物館, bangmulgwan, “museum”)

Tày

Noun

博 (bạc)

1. Nôm form of bạc (“paternal uncle”).

   寸太曾注博姑姨

   Thuổn thảy tằng chủ bảc cô tì

   All people, including uncles and aunts.

References

• Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎^[3] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

Han character

博: Hán Nôm readings: bác, mác, bạc, vác

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