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何

See also: 伺, 向, 同, and 回
何 U+4F55, 何
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F55
← 佔
[U+4F54]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 佖 →
[U+4F56]

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

何 (radical 9 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人一弓口 (OMNR), four-corner 21220, composition ⿰亻可)

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 98, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 511
  • Dae Jaweon: page 208, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 130, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+4F55

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 何

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 何
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Oracle bone script
 

j18879
 

j18880
 

j18881
 

j18882
 

j18883
 

j18884
 

j18885
 

j18886
 

j18887
 

j18888
 

j18889
 

j18890
 

j18891
 

j18892
 

j18893
 

j18894
 

j18895
 

j18896
 

j18897
 

j18898
 

j18899
 

j18901
 

j18902
 

j18903
 

j18904
 

j18905
 

j18906
 

j18907
 

j18908
 

j18909
 

j18910
 

j18911
 

j18913
 

j18914
 

j18915
 

j18916
 

j18917
 

j18918
 

j18919
 

j18920
 

j18921
 

j18922
 

j18923
 

j18924
 

j18925
 

j18926
 

j18927
 

j18928
 

j18929
 

j18930
 

j18931
Bronze inscriptions
 

b12289
 

b12290
Small seal script
 

s05736
Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L32362
 

L08383
 

L08384
 

L08385
 

L08386
 

L08387
 

L08377
 

L08378
 

L08379
 

L08380
 

L08381
 

L08382
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (可) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
砢 *ɡ·raːlʔ
柯 *kaːl
菏 *kaːl, *ɡaːl
牁 *kaːl
滒 *kaːl
哥 *kaːl
歌 *kaːl
謌 *kaːl
鴚 *kaːl
哿 *kaːlʔ
舸 *kaːlʔ
笴 *kaːlʔ, *kaːnʔ
軻 *kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
珂 *kʰaːl
可 *kʰaːlʔ
岢 *kʰaːlʔ
坷 *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
蚵 *kʰaːls, *ɡaːl
呵 *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls
訶 *qʰaːl
抲 *qʰaːl
荷 *qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
何 *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
河 *ɡaːl
苛 *ɡaːl
魺 *ɡaːl
袔 *ɡaːls
阿 *qaːl
妸 *qaːl, *qaːlʔ
疴 *qaːl, *kʰraːls
鈳 *qaːl
娿 *qaːl, *qaːlʔ
痾 *qaːl
跒 *kʰraːlʔ
閜 *qʰraːlʔ

Pictogram (象形): a man carrying something.

Pronunciation 1Edit

Note:
  • hô/hô͘ - literary;
  • ôa - vernacular.
Rime
Character 何
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 歌 (94)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡歌切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦɑ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦɑ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦa/
Li
Rong		 /ɣɑ/
Wang
Li		 /ɣɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hé
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 何
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 hé
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ha ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡ]ˤaj/
English what

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 何
Reading # 1/2
No. 7458
Phonetic
component		 可
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 何
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡaːl/

DefinitionsEdit

何

  1. (interrogative pronoun asking for the specification of an identity, quantity, quality, etc. of something) what; which
    何處 / 何处  ―  héchù  ―  where [lit. what place]
    何日  ―  hérì  ―  what day; when
  2. (interrogative pronoun asking for reason, manner, etc. of an action) why; how
    何必  ―  hébì  ―  why must you
    何不  ―  hébù  ―  why not
  3. † (forming emphatic sentences) so; such; what; how
  4. A surname​.
SynonymsEdit
Dialectal synonyms of 什麼 (“what”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 何
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 什麼
Mandarin Beijing 什麼
Taiwan 什麼
Tianjin 嘛
Harbin 啥
Shenyang 什麼、啥
Jinan 麼兒、麼、什麼
Muping 麼、麼個
Luoyang 啥
Jiedian 色
Xi'an 啥
Xining 啥
Xuzhou 啥、啥子
Yinchuan 啥
Ürümqi 啥
Wuhan 麼事
Chengdu 啥、啥子
Guiyang 哪樣
Liuzhou 什嗎
Kunming 什麼
Nanjing 什麼
Hefei 哄個
Nantong 甚呢
Cantonese Guangzhou 乜、乜嘢、乜嘢嘢、咩、咩嘢
Hong Kong 乜、乜嘢、乜嘢嘢、咩、咩嘢
Dongguan 乜、乜嘢
Taishan 乜
Yangjiang 乜、乜嘢
Gan Nanchang 什哩
Lichuan 什仔
Pingxiang 咋個
Hakka Meixian 麼個
Xingning 麼個
Huidong 麼個
Qujiang 麼個
Xiaosanjiang 麼個
Changting 麼個
Pingyu 麼個
Wuping 麼個
Liancheng 麼個
Yudu 子個
Ruijin 咩、唔幾
Shicheng 什麼
Shangyou 哪項、口哪
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 麼個
Liudui (S. Sixian) 麼個
Hsinchu (Hailu) 麼個
Dongshi (Dabu) 麼個
Zhuolan (Raoping) 麼個
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 麼個
Huizhou Jixi 麼仂
Jin Taiyuan 甚
Xinzhou 甚
Min Bei Jian'ou 孰事、孰麼
Min Dong Fuzhou 什乇
Matsu 什乇
Min Nan Xiamen 什物、啥物、啥貨
Quanzhou 什物、啥物
Zhangzhou 哪貨仔、哪貨、哪仔、哪物仔、哪物、什物、啥物、啥貨
Taipei 啥貨、啥物、啥
Kaohsiung 啥、啥貨、啥物
Tainan 啥物、啥貨
Taichung 啥
Hsinchu 啥
Lukang 啥物、啥貨
Sanxia 啥
Yilan 啥貨
Kinmen 啥貨、物代
Magong 啥貨、物代
Penang 啥物
Singapore 什物
Philippines (Manila) 啥物
Chaozhou 乜個、乜
Haikou 乜、個乜
Leizhou 乜
Pinghua Nanning 門、哪門
Wu Shanghai 啥、啥個
Suzhou 啥
Hangzhou 啥
Wenzhou 何呢
Chongming 何
Danyang 點高
Jinhua 待、淡
Ningbo 啥
Xiang Changsha 麼子
Shuangfeng 麼子
Loudi 麼子

DescendantsEdit

  • (Hokkien dialect) Tagalog: Ho

Pronunciation 2Edit

Rime
Character 何
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 歌 (94)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡可切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦɑX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦɑX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣɑX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦaX/
Li
Rong		 /ɣɑX/
Wang
Li		 /ɣɑX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣɑX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hè
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 何
Reading # 2/2
No. 7466
Phonetic
component		 可
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 荷
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡaːlʔ/
Notes 同荷

DefinitionsEdit

何

  1. † Original form of 荷 (“to carry”).

Pronunciation 3Edit

DefinitionsEdit

何

  1. † Original form of 呵 (“to scold; to criticise; to denounce”).

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 何

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

何

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. what

ReadingsEdit

PronunciationEdit

CompoundsEdit

InterjectionEdit

Kanji in this term
何
なに
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

何 (hiragana なに, rōmaji nani)

  1. What?, Huh?

PronounEdit

Kanji in this term
何
なん
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

何 (hiragana なに, rōmaji nani) (alternative reading hiragana なん, romaji nan)

  1. what
  2. that thing (used in place of words you can't remember at the moment.)
  3. (used with も) many
    この広 (こう)告 (こく)を何 (なん)回 (かい)も見 (み)た
    kono kōkoku o nankai mo mita
    I've seen this ad many times

Usage notesEdit

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

何 • (ha) (hangeul 하)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

何 (hà, gã)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

ReferencesEdit

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