何
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Contents
TranslingualEdit
Stroke order | |||
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Han characterEdit
何 (radical 9 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人一弓口 (OMNR), four-corner 21220, composition ⿰亻可)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 98, character 15
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 511
- Dae Jaweon: page 208, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 130, character 4
- Unihan data for U+4F55
ChineseEdit
simp. and trad. |
何 |
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Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 何 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Characters in the same phonetic series (可) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
砢 | *ɡ·raːlʔ |
柯 | *kaːl |
菏 | *kaːl, *ɡaːl |
牁 | *kaːl |
滒 | *kaːl |
哥 | *kaːl |
歌 | *kaːl |
謌 | *kaːl |
鴚 | *kaːl |
哿 | *kaːlʔ |
舸 | *kaːlʔ |
笴 | *kaːlʔ, *kaːnʔ |
軻 | *kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls |
珂 | *kʰaːl |
可 | *kʰaːlʔ |
岢 | *kʰaːlʔ |
坷 | *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls |
蚵 | *kʰaːls, *ɡaːl |
呵 | *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls |
訶 | *qʰaːl |
抲 | *qʰaːl |
荷 | *qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ |
何 | *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ |
河 | *ɡaːl |
苛 | *ɡaːl |
魺 | *ɡaːl |
袔 | *ɡaːls |
阿 | *qaːl |
妸 | *qaːl, *qaːlʔ |
疴 | *qaːl, *kʰraːls |
鈳 | *qaːl |
娿 | *qaːl, *qaːlʔ |
痾 | *qaːl |
跒 | *kʰraːlʔ |
閜 | *qʰraːlʔ |
Pictogram (象形): a man carrying something.
Pronunciation 1Edit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ho4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hò
- Min Dong (BUC): ò̤
- Min Nan (POJ): hô / hô͘ / ôa
- Wu (Wiktionary): hhu (T3); hha (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
- Wade-Giles: ho2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
- IPA (key): /xɤ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ho2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xo
- IPA (key): /xo²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: ho4
- Yale: hòh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ho4
- Guangdong Romanization: ho4
- IPA (key): /hɔː²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hò
- Hakka Romanization System: hoˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ho2
- IPA: /ho¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ò̤
- IPA (key): /o⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
Note:
- hô/hô͘ - literary;
- ôa - vernacular.
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: hhu (T3); hha (T3)
- IPA (key): /ɦv̩ʷ²³/, /ɦa̱²³/
- (Shanghainese)
Rime | |
---|---|
Character | 何 |
Reading # | 1/2 |
Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
Final (韻) | 歌 (94) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | I |
Fanqie | 胡歌切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦɑ/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/ɦɑ/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/ɣɑ/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦa/ |
Li Rong |
/ɣɑ/ |
Wang Li |
/ɣɑ/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣɑ/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
hé |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
---|---|
Character | 何 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
hé |
Middle Chinese |
‹ ha › |
Old Chinese |
/*[ɡ]ˤaj/ |
English | what |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 何 |
Reading # | 1/2 |
No. | 7458 |
Phonetic component |
可 |
Rime group |
歌 |
Rime subdivision |
1 |
Corresponding MC rime |
何 |
Old Chinese |
/*ɡaːl/ |
DefinitionsEdit
何
- (interrogative pronoun asking for the specification of an identity, quantity, quality, etc. of something) what; which
-
何日 ― hérì ― what day; when
- (interrogative pronoun asking for reason, manner, etc. of an action) why; how
- † (forming emphatic sentences) so; such; what; how
- A surname.
SynonymsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- (Hokkien dialect) Tagalog: Ho
Pronunciation 2Edit
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˋ
- Wade-Giles: ho4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: heh
- IPA (key): /xɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: ho6
- Yale: hoh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ho6
- Guangdong Romanization: ho6
- IPA (key): /hɔː²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
Rime | |
---|---|
Character | 何 |
Reading # | 2/2 |
Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
Final (韻) | 歌 (94) |
Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | I |
Fanqie | 胡可切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦɑX/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/ɦɑX/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/ɣɑX/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦaX/ |
Li Rong |
/ɣɑX/ |
Wang Li |
/ɣɑX/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣɑX/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
hè |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 何 |
Reading # | 2/2 |
No. | 7466 |
Phonetic component |
可 |
Rime group |
歌 |
Rime subdivision |
1 |
Corresponding MC rime |
荷 |
Old Chinese |
/*ɡaːlʔ/ |
Notes | 同荷 |
DefinitionsEdit
何
- † Original form of 荷 (“to carry”).
Pronunciation 3Edit
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄜ
- Wade-Giles: ho1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: he
- IPA (key): /xɤ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: ho1
- Yale: hō
- Cantonese Pinyin: ho1
- Guangdong Romanization: ho1
- IPA (key): /hɔː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
DefinitionsEdit
何
- † Original form of 呵 (“to scold; to criticise; to denounce”).
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 何
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
何
ReadingsEdit
- Goon: が (ga)←が (ga, historical)
- Kan’on: か (ka, Jōyō)←か (ka, historical)
- Kun: なに (nani, 何, Jōyō)←なに (nani, historical); なん (nan, 何, Jōyō, uncommon)←なん (nan, historical); いず (izu, 何)←いづ (idu, historical); いずれ (izure, 何れ)←いづれ (idure, historical); いずく (izuku, 何く)←いづく (iduku, historical)
- Nanori: あが (aga)
PronunciationEdit
CompoundsEdit
InterjectionEdit
Kanji in this term |
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何 |
なに Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
- What?, Huh?
PronounEdit
Kanji in this term |
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何 |
なん Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
何 (hiragana なに, rōmaji nani) (alternative reading hiragana なん, romaji nan)
- what
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki (page 92)
- 汝何所爲 奈尓世牟止曽
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki (page 92)
- that thing (used in place of words you can't remember at the moment.)
- (used with も) many
- この広告を何回も見た
- kono kōkoku o nankai mo mita
- I've seen this ad many times
- この広告を何回も見た
Usage notesEdit
- 何 is usually read as なに, but before だ, で, の, なり or counters, it is read as なん. When followed by で, both readings are okay.
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
- 何れ (dore) which one?
- 何の (dono) (of) what?
- 何処 (doko) where?
- 何方 (dochira) which way?
- 如何 (dō) in what manner?
ReferencesEdit
- Yoshinori Kobayashi, Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 1: Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki (in Japanese), Kyūko Shoin (published 1978; original text from 794), →ISBN.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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