長じる

Japanese

Kanji in this term
長
ちょう Grade: 2
on'yomi

Etymology

Shift from verb 長(ちょう)ずる (chōzuru), by natural progression from サ行変格活用 (sagyō henkaku katsuyō, “s-irregular conjugation”) verbs ending in -uru to 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ちょーじる [chòójírú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
(Tokyo) ちょーじる [chòójíꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])^[1]
IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞ːʑiɾɯ̟]

Verb

長(ちょう)じる • (chōjiru) intransitive ichidan (stem 長(ちょう)じ (chōji), past 長(ちょう)じた (chōjita))

to grow into adulthood
to excel

Conjugation

Conjugation of "長じる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	長じ	ちょうじ	chōji
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	長じ	ちょうじ	chōji
Shūshikei ("terminal")	長じる	ちょうじる	chōjiru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	長じる	ちょうじる	chōjiru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	長じれ	ちょうじれ	chōjire
Meireikei ("imperative")	長じよ¹ 長じろ²	ちょうじよ¹ ちょうじろ²	chōjiyo¹ chōjiro²
Key constructions
Passive	長じられる	ちょうじられる	chōjirareru
Causative	長じさせる長じさす	ちょうじさせるちょうじさす	chōjisaseru chōjisasu
Potential	長じられる長じれる³	ちょうじられるちょうじれる³	chōjirareru chōjireru³
Volitional	長じよう	ちょうじよう	chōjiyō
Negative	長じない長じぬ長じん	ちょうじないちょうじぬちょうじん	chōjinai chōjinu chōjin
Negative continuative	長じず	ちょうじず	chōjizu
Formal	長じます	ちょうじます	chōjimasu
Perfective	長じた	ちょうじた	chōjita
Conjunctive	長じて	ちょうじて	chōjite
Hypothetical conditional	長じれば	ちょうじれば	chōjireba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential

Synonyms

長(ちょう)ずる (chōzuru)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[NHK-1] 1.0 ^1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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