長
See also: 长
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TranslingualEdit
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Alternative formsEdit
- 镸 (when used as a radical)
Han characterEdit
長 (radical 168, 長+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 尸一女 (SMV), four-corner 71732, composition ⿱⿺丄三⿰𠄌⿺乀丿(GJKV) or ⿸⿱⿺丄三𠄌⿺乀丿(HT) or ⿱⿰丨三⿸⿱一𠄌⿺乀丿(HT))
- Kangxi radical #168, ⾧.
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1328, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41100
- Dae Jaweon: page 1829, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4050, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9577
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 長 | |
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| simp. | 长 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 長 |
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| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (長) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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| Old Chinese | |
| 張 | *taŋ, *taŋs |
| 餦 | *taŋ |
| 粻 | *taŋ |
| 漲 | *taŋ, *taŋʔ, *taŋs |
| 長 | *taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs |
| 脹 | *taŋs |
| 痮 | *taŋs |
| 帳 | *taŋs |
| 賬 | *taŋs |
| 倀 | *tʰaŋ, *rtaːŋs |
| 鼚 | *tʰaŋ |
| 鋹 | *tʰaŋʔ |
| 悵 | *tʰaŋs |
| 韔 | *tʰaŋs |
| 萇 | *daŋ |
| 瓺 | *daŋ, *daŋs |
| 棖 | *rdaːŋ |
| 掁 | *rdaːŋ |
Pictogram (象形) – originally long hair; compare 彡.
EtymologyEdit
Three pronunciations below are cognate, all derived from the original root of 張 (*traŋ, “to make long; to stretch; to string a bow”).
Pronunciation 1 ("long") is the endopassive derivative ("be extended, be stretched"), with intransitive voicing. The lack of Tibeto-Burman cognates with the same meaning indicate that this is a Chinese innovation. Pronunciation 2 ("to grow") is the endoactive derivative.
See 張 for more.
Pronunciation 1Edit
DefinitionsEdit
長
- long (of distance)
- length
- long (in space); far; distant
- long (of time); lasting
- everlasting; permanent
- constantly; frequently
- ⇒ 常
- straight; perfectly straight
- upright; right; good; fine
- strength; advantage; merit
- skill; specialism
- to excel in
- A surname.
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 長
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Pronunciation 2Edit
DefinitionsEdit
長
- to begin to grow; to grow; to develop
- (of a person) to look; to appear (e.g. beautiful)
- (transitive) to increase; to enhance
- (intransitive) to increase; to go up
- ⇒ 漲
- to nourish
- old (of age)
- senior; elder
- leader; master; chief; head
- eldest; oldest
- to exalt; to honor
- 乃惟四方之多罪逋逃，是崇是長，是信是使，是以為大夫卿士。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Nǎi wéi sìfāng zhī duōzuì būtáo, shì chóng shì zhǎng, shì xìn shì shǐ, shì yǐwéi dàfū qīngshì. [Pinyin]
- They are only the fugitives from all quarters, loaded with crimes, whom he honours and exalts, whom he employs and trusts, making them great officers and high nobles.
乃惟四方之多罪逋逃，是崇是长，是信是使，是以为大夫卿士。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 長
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Pronunciation 3Edit
DefinitionsEdit
長
CompoundsEdit
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
長
- long, lengthy
- long time
- growing, increasing
- excellent, great
- comfortable, relaxing
- elder, old, senior
- chief, head, leader
- Short for 長門国 (Nagato no kuni): Nagato Province
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō); じょう (jō)←ぢやう (dyau, historical)
- Kan-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)←ちやう (tyau, historical)
- Kun: ながい (nagai, 長い, Jōyō); おさ (osa, 長)←をさ (wosa, historical); たける (takeru, 長ける); つかさ (tsukasa, 長)
- Nanori: いえ (ie); すすむ (susumu); たけ (take); たけし (takeshi); つね (tsune); ながし (nagashi); のぶ (nobu); ひさ (hisa); ひさし (hisashi); まさ (masa); まさる (masaru); ます (masu); みち (michi)
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
- 長歌 (chōka)
- 長句 (chōku)
- 長躯 (chōku)
- 長兄 (chōkei)
- 長子 (chōshi)
- 長時間 (chō-jikan)
- 長州 (chōshū)
- 長女 (chōjo)
- 長上 (chōjō)
- 長短 (chōtan)
- 長調 (chōchō)
- 長刀 (chōtō)
- 長男 (chōnan)
- 長髪 (chōhatsu, “long hair”)
- 長夜 (chōya)
- 長老 (chōrō)
- 長銘 (chōmei): (swords) an inscription that includes some personal details about the swordsmith
- 一長一短 (itchō-ittan)
- 院長 (inchō)
- 延長 (enchō)
- 課長 (kachō)
- 会長 (kaichō)
- 学長 (gakuchō)
- 係長 (kakarichō)
- 楽長 (gakuchō)
- 機長 (kichō)
- 組長 (kumichō)
- 薩長 (Satchō)
- 市長 (shichō)
- 社長 (shachō)
- 船長 (senchō)
- 村長 (sonchō)
- 町長 (chōchō)
- 店長 (tenchō)
- 班長 (hanchō)
- 番長 (banchō)
- 部長 (buchō)
- 防長 (Bōchō)
- 霊長 (reichō)
- 長官 (kami)
- 長刀, 薙刀, 眉尖刀 (naginata)
- 長押 (nageshi)
- 長閑 (nodoka)
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
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| 長 |
| ちょう Grade: 2 |
| on’yomi |
/tjau/ → /t͡ɕjau/ → /t͡ɕɔː/ → /t͡ɕoː/
From Middle Chinese 長 (MC ʈɨɐŋX).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
長 (hiragana ちょう, rōmaji chō, historical hiragana ちやう)
- chief, head, leader
- 班長
- han chō
- the group leader
- 班長
- strong point
- 長を伸ばす
- chō o nobasu
- enrich a strong point
- Antonym: 短 (tan)
- 長を伸ばす
- (music) major
- Antonym: 短 (tan)
Proper nounEdit
長 (hiragana ちょう, rōmaji Chō, historical hiragana ちやう)
- a surname
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
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| 長 |
| おさ Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
/wosa/ → /osa/
From Old Japanese.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
長 (hiragana おさ, rōmaji osa, historical hiragana をさ)
Derived termsEdit
Proper nounEdit
長 (hiragana おさ, rōmaji Osa, historical hiragana をさ)
- a place name
- a surname
Etymology 3Edit
| Kanji in this term |
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| 長 |
| なが Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese.
Stem form of classical adjective 長し (nagashi), modern 長い (nagai, “long, lengthy”).
PronunciationEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PrefixEdit
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
Proper nounEdit
- a surname
Etymology 4Edit
| Kanji in this term |
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| 長 |
| つかさ Grade: 2 |
| Irregular |
| Alternative spellings | 官 司 首 |
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From Old Japanese.
Probably derived from 就か (tsuka, irrealis form of verb 就く (tsuku), “to take a position”) + さ (-sa, “-ness”, suffix indicating state or degree). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
PronunciationEdit
- (Irregular reading)
NounEdit
長 (hiragana つかさ, rōmaji tsukasa)
Proper nounEdit
長 (hiragana つかさ, rōmaji Tsukasa)
- a surname
- a male or female given name
Etymology 5Edit
| Kanji in this term |
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| 長 |
| たき Grade: 2 |
| Irregular |
⟨taki1⟩ → */takʲi/ → /taki/
Possibly a variant of take below.[3] Appears in the Ruiju Myōgishō of around 1081-1100 CE.
PronunciationEdit
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
Etymology 6Edit
| Kanji in this term |
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| 長 |
| たけ Grade: 2 |
| Irregular |
⟨take2⟩ → */takəj/ → /take/
Cognate with 高 (taka, “height”), 高い (takai, “high”), and 長ける (takeru, “to be high”).
PronunciationEdit
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
Proper nounEdit
- a surname.
Etymology 7Edit
| Kanji in this term |
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| 長 |
| たける Grade: 2 |
| Irregular |
Nominalization of verb 長ける (takeru, “to excel at”).
Proper nounEdit
長 (hiragana たける, rōmaji Takeru)
- a surname
- a male or female given name
Etymology 8Edit
| Kanji in this term |
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| 長 |
| ひさし Grade: 2 |
| Irregular |
From Old Japanese.
Nominalization of classical adjective 久し (hisashi), modern 久しい (hisashii, “long time”).
Proper nounEdit
長 (hiragana ひさし, rōmaji Hisashi)
- a surname
- a male or female given name
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
長 • (jang)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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