alert; departed soul; efficacious alert; departed soul; efficacious; quick; effective; intelligence |
river | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (靈河) | 靈 | 河 | |
simp. (灵河) | 灵 | 河 |
Rime | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 靈 | 河 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 匣 (33) |
Final (韻) | 青 (125) | 歌 (94) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
Division (等) | IV | I |
Fanqie | 郎丁切 | 胡歌切 |
Baxter | leng | ha |
Reconstructions | ||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/leŋ/ | /ɦɑ/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/leŋ/ | /ɦɑ/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/lɛŋ/ | /ɣɑ/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/lɛjŋ/ | /ɦa/ |
Li Rong |
/leŋ/ | /ɣɑ/ |
Wang Li |
/lieŋ/ | /ɣɑ/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/lieŋ/ | /ɣɑ/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
líng | hé |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
ling4 | ho4 |
靈河