U+4E01, 丁
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E01

[U+4E00]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4E02]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
Wikimedia Commons has more media related to:

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

(Kangxi radical 1, +1, 2 strokes, cangjie input 一弓 (MN), four-corner 10200, composition )

Derived charactersEdit

Further readingEdit

Chinese Wikisource has digitized text of the Kangxi Dictionary entry for :

Wikisource


  • KangXi: page 75, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2
  • Dae Jaweon: page 135, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 2, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+4E01

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𠆤

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing) Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script Ming typeface
                   





References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Pictogram (象形) – different theories exist:

  • a city wall. The derivative and later is now used to represent this sense. Characters like contains it as a semantic component.
  • a head. The derivative and is now used to represent this sense. Characters like contains it as a semantic component.
  • a nail. The derivative is now used to represent this sense.

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 丁 (姓)
Mandarin Beijing /tiŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /tiŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /tiŋ²¹/
Jinan /tiŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /tiŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /tiŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /tiŋ²¹/
Xining /tiə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /tiŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /tĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /tiŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /tin⁵⁵/
Chengdu /tin⁵⁵/
Guiyang /tin⁵⁵/
Kunming /tĩ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /tin³¹/
Hefei /tin²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /tiəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /tiŋ¹³/
Hohhot /tĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /tiŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /tin⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /tin³³/
Wenzhou /teŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /tiʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /tɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /tin³³/
Xiangtan /tin³³/
Gan Nanchang /tiɑŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /ten⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /ten²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /teŋ⁵³/
Nanning /teŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /tiŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tiŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tiŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /taiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /teŋ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔdeŋ²³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (5)
Final () (125)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () IV
Fanqie
Baxter teng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/teŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/teŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/tɛŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/tɛjŋ/
Li
Rong
/teŋ/
Wang
Li
/tieŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tieŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
dīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ding1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/3 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
dīng dīng
Middle
Chinese
‹ teng › ‹ teng ›
Old
Chinese
/*tˁeŋ/ /*tˁeŋ/
English 4th heavenly stem nail (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 2378
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*teːŋ/
Notes

DefinitionsEdit

  1. the fourth of the ten heavenly stems
  2. fourth
      ―  dīngwán  ―  butane (fourth alkane)
  3. robust; vigorous
  4. male adult; man
      ―  zhuàngdīng  ―  able-bodied man
  5. person; may specifically refer to member of a family
      ―  réndīng  ―  person
  6. small cube
      ―  ròudīng  ―  pork cubes
  7. (literary) to encounter
  8. (Hong Kong Cantonese) Short for 出前一丁 (Demae Itcho), a type of instant noodles.
    [Cantonese]  ―  lou1 ding1 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)
  9. a surname
      ―  Dīng Zhàozhōng  ―  Samuel Chao Chung Ting (Chinese-American physicist)
SynonymsEdit
Coordinate termsEdit
CompoundsEdit
DescendantsEdit
  • Zhuang: ding

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (9)
Final () (117)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter treang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʈˠɛŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʈᵚæŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȶɐŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʈəɨjŋ/
Li
Rong
/ȶɛŋ/
Wang
Li
/ȶæŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ȶæŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhēng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zang1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhēng
Middle
Chinese
‹ trɛng ›
Old
Chinese
/*tˁreŋ/
English sound of beating

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 2372
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*rteːŋ/

DefinitionsEdit

  1. Only used in 丁丁 (zhēngzhēng).

Etymology 3Edit

Glyph approximation of J (zei1).

PronunciationEdit

DefinitionsEdit

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang, euphemistic) penis (Classifier: )
  2. (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang) to masturbate; to have sexual fantasy towards another individual
SynonymsEdit

Etymology 4Edit

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“to sting; to bite; to advise; to urge; to repeat what one says to make sure; etc.”).
(This character, , is the second-round simplified form of .)
Notes:

Etymology 5Edit

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“to gaze upon; to keep eyes on; to stare at”).
(This character, , is the second-round simplified form of .)
Notes:

Etymology 6Edit

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“gold slab; nail; etc.”).
(This character, , is the second-round simplified form of .)
Notes:

Etymology 7Edit

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“to resole a shoe; patch; etc.”).
(This character, , is the second-round simplified form of .)
Notes:

ReferencesEdit

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. leaf, block, classifier for cake
  2. something D
    1. fourth in rank
  3. street
  4. even

ReadingsEdit

As in the onomatopoeia 丁丁:

CompoundsEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
てい
Grade: 3
kan’on
 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

From Middle Chinese (teng).

PronunciationEdit

Proper nounEdit

(てい) (Tei

  1. something D
    1. fourth in rank

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
ちょう
Grade: 3
goon

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

(ちょう) (chō

  1. street, district
    北-八番(きたはちばん)-(ちょう)
    kita-hachiban-chō
    northern eighth district
    ぶらくり(ちょう)
    burakuri-chō
    Burakuri street
  2. even (especially of dice)
    (ちょう)(はん)
    chō ka han ka
    even or odd
  3. (historical) a measure of length approximately 109 meters (also written )

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
ちょう
Grade: 3
goon
Alternative spellings

From Middle Chinese (MC deŋ, deŋX). is a daiyōji replacing .

PronunciationEdit

CounterEdit

(ちょう) (-chō

  1. counter for long and thin things, e.g. guns, hoes, candles.
    ()(ちょう)(けん)(じゅう)
    nichō no kenjū
    two pistols
  2. counter for foods such as tofu.

Etymology 4Edit

Kanji in this term
ひのと
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

(hi, fire, one of the Five Elements) +‎ (no, attributive marker) +‎ (oto, younger brother)

PronunciationEdit

Proper nounEdit

(ひのと) (Hinoto

  1. the fourth of the ten heavenly stems

KoreanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Chinese (MC teŋ). Recorded as Middle Korean 뎌ᇰ (tyeng) (Yale: tyeng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

HanjaEdit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 넷째 천간(天干) (netjjae cheon'gan( 天干 ) jeong))
(eumhun 고무래 (gomurae jeong))
(eumhun 장정 (jangjeong jeong))

  1. Hanja form? of (the fourth of the ten heavenly stems; something D).
  2. Hanja form? of (male adult; man).

CompoundsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
  • Naver Hanja Dictionary: 丁

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

: Hán Việt readings: đinh ((đáng)(kinh)(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
: Nôm readings: đứa[1][2][3][6][5][7], đinh[1][2][4][7], đềnh[1], tênh[2], tranh[2], đĩnh[3]

  1. chữ Hán form of Đinh (fourth of the ten heavenly stems).
  2. chữ Hán form of Đinh (surname).
  3. Nôm form of đứa (indicates young person, child or inferior person).

CompoundsEdit

ReferencesEdit