과하다

Korean

Etymology 1

과(過) (gwa) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈkwa̠(ː)ɦa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [과(ː)하다]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	gwahada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	gwahada
McCune–Reischauer?	kwahada
Yale Romanization?	kwāhata

Adjective

과하다 • (gwahada) (infinitive 과해 or 과하여, sequential 과하니, hanja 過하다)

1. to be excessive

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 과하다 (gwahada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	과하다 gwahada	과해 gwahae	과해요 gwahaeyo	과합니다 gwahamnida
	Past	과했다 gwahaetda	과했어 gwahaesseo	과했어요 gwahaesseoyo	과했습니다 gwahaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	과하냐 gwahanya	과해 gwahae	과해요 gwahaeyo	과합니까 gwahamnikka
	Past	과했냐 gwahaennya	과했어 gwahaesseo	과했어요 gwahaesseoyo	과했습니까 gwahaetseumnikka
Assertive		과하겠다 gwahagetda	과하겠어 gwahagesseo	과하겠어요 gwahagesseoyo	과하겠습니다 gwahagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		과해 gwahae	과해서, 과하여서 gwahaeseo, gwahayeoseo	과하니 gwahani	과하니까 gwahanikka
Contrast		과하지만 gwahajiman	과한데 gwahande	과하더니 gwahadeoni
Conjunction		과하고 gwahago
Condition		과하면 gwahamyeon	과해야, 과하여야 gwahaeya, gwahayeoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		과함 gwaham	과하기 gwahagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		과했음, 과하였음 gwahaesseum, gwahayeosseum	과했기, 과하였기 gwahaetgi, gwahayeotgi
Determiners	Present		과한 gwahan
	Future		과할 gwahal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	과하시다 gwahasida	과하셔 gwahasyeo	과하세요, 과하셔요 gwahaseyo, gwahasyeoyo	과하십니다 gwahasimnida
	Past	과하셨다 gwahasyeotda	과하셨어 gwahasyeosseo	과하셨어요 gwahasyeosseoyo	과하셨습니다 gwahasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	과하시냐 gwahasinya	과하셔 gwahasyeo	과하세요, 과하셔요 gwahaseyo, gwahasyeoyo	과하십니까 gwahasimnikka
	Past	과하셨냐 gwahasyeonnya	과하셨어 gwahasyeosseo	과하셨어요 gwahasyeosseoyo	과하셨습니까 gwahasyeotseumnikka
Assertive		과하시겠다 gwahasigetda	과하시겠어 gwahasigesseo	과하시겠어요 gwahasigesseoyo	과하시겠습니다 gwahasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		과하셔 gwahasyeo	과하셔서 gwahasyeoseo	과하시니 gwahasini	과하시니까 gwahasinikka
Contrast		과하시지만 gwahasijiman	과하신데 gwahasinde	과하시더니 gwahasideoni
Conjunction		과하시고 gwahasigo
Condition		과하시면 gwahasimyeon	과하셔야 gwahasyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		과하심 gwahasim	과하시기 gwahasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		과하셨음 gwahasyeosseum	과하셨기 gwahasyeotgi
Determiners	Present		과하신 gwahasin
	Future		과하실 gwahasil

Etymology 2

과(課) (gwa) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kwa̠ɦa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [과하다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	gwahada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	gwahada
McCune–Reischauer?	kwahada
Yale Romanization?	kwahata

Verb

과하다 • (gwahada) (infinitive 과해 or 과하여, sequential 과하니, hanja 課하다)

1. to levy (a fine or tax); to lay, to impose (a restriction, an obligation, etc.)
2. to set, to assign (a task, etc.)

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 과하다 (gwahada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	과한다 gwahanda	과해 gwahae	과해요 gwahaeyo	과합니다 gwahamnida
	Past	과했다 gwahaetda	과했어 gwahaesseo	과했어요 gwahaesseoyo	과했습니다 gwahaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	과하느냐 gwahaneunya	과해 gwahae	과해요 gwahaeyo	과합니까 gwahamnikka
	Past	과했느냐 gwahaenneunya	과했어 gwahaesseo	과했어요 gwahaesseoyo	과했습니까 gwahaetseumnikka
Hortative		과하자 gwahaja	과해 gwahae	과해요 gwahaeyo	과하십시다 gwahasipsida
Imperative		과해라, 과하여라 gwahaera, gwahayeora	과해 gwahae	과해요 gwahaeyo	과합시오 gwahapsio
Assertive		과하겠다 gwahagetda	과하겠어 gwahagesseo	과하겠어요 gwahagesseoyo	과하겠습니다 gwahagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		과해 gwahae	과해서, 과하여서 gwahaeseo, gwahayeoseo	과하니 gwahani	과하니까 gwahanikka
Contrast		과하지만 gwahajiman	과하는데 gwahaneunde	과하더니 gwahadeoni
Conjunction		과하고 gwahago
Condition		과하면 gwahamyeon	과해야, 과하여야 gwahaeya, gwahayeoya
Motive		과하려고 gwaharyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		과함 gwaham	과하기 gwahagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		과했음, 과하였음 gwahaesseum, gwahayeosseum	과했기, 과하였기 gwahaetgi, gwahayeotgi
Determiners	Past	과한 gwahan
	Present	과하는 gwahaneun
	Future	과할 gwahal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	과하신다 gwahasinda	과하셔 gwahasyeo	과하세요, 과하셔요 gwahaseyo, gwahasyeoyo	과하십니다 gwahasimnida
	Past	과하셨다 gwahasyeotda	과하셨어 gwahasyeosseo	과하셨어요 gwahasyeosseoyo	과하셨습니다 gwahasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	과하시느냐 gwahasineunya	과하셔 gwahasyeo	과하세요, 과하셔요 gwahaseyo, gwahasyeoyo	과하십니까 gwahasimnikka
	Past	과하셨느냐 gwahasyeonneunya	과하셨어 gwahasyeosseo	과하셨어요 gwahasyeosseoyo	과하셨습니까 gwahasyeotseumnikka
Imperative		과하시라 gwahasira	과하셔 gwahasyeo	과하세요 gwahaseyo	과하십시오 gwahasipsio
Assertive		과하시겠다 gwahasigetda	과하시겠어 gwahasigesseo	과하시겠어요 gwahasigesseoyo	과하시겠습니다 gwahasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		과하셔 gwahasyeo	과하셔서 gwahasyeoseo	과하시니 gwahasini	과하시니까 gwahasinikka
Contrast		과하시지만 gwahasijiman	과하시는데 gwahasineunde	과하시더니 gwahasideoni
Conjunction		과하시고 gwahasigo
Condition		과하시면 gwahasimyeon	과하셔야 gwahasyeoya
Motive		과하시려고 gwahasiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		과하심 gwahasim	과하시기 gwahasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		과하셨음 gwahasyeosseum	과하셨기 gwahasyeotgi
Determiners	Past	과하신 gwahasin
	Present	과하시는 gwahasineun
	Future	과하실 gwahasil

Etymology 3

과(科) (gwa) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kwa̠ɦa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [과하다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	gwahada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	gwahada
McCune–Reischauer?	kwahada
Yale Romanization?	kwahata

Verb

과하다 • (gwahada) (infinitive 과해 or 과하여, sequential 과하니, hanja 科하다)

1. to impose (a sentence, penalty, or punishment)

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 과하다 (gwahada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	과한다 gwahanda	과해 gwahae	과해요 gwahaeyo	과합니다 gwahamnida
	Past	과했다 gwahaetda	과했어 gwahaesseo	과했어요 gwahaesseoyo	과했습니다 gwahaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	과하느냐 gwahaneunya	과해 gwahae	과해요 gwahaeyo	과합니까 gwahamnikka
	Past	과했느냐 gwahaenneunya	과했어 gwahaesseo	과했어요 gwahaesseoyo	과했습니까 gwahaetseumnikka
Hortative		과하자 gwahaja	과해 gwahae	과해요 gwahaeyo	과하십시다 gwahasipsida
Imperative		과해라, 과하여라 gwahaera, gwahayeora	과해 gwahae	과해요 gwahaeyo	과합시오 gwahapsio
Assertive		과하겠다 gwahagetda	과하겠어 gwahagesseo	과하겠어요 gwahagesseoyo	과하겠습니다 gwahagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		과해 gwahae	과해서, 과하여서 gwahaeseo, gwahayeoseo	과하니 gwahani	과하니까 gwahanikka
Contrast		과하지만 gwahajiman	과하는데 gwahaneunde	과하더니 gwahadeoni
Conjunction		과하고 gwahago
Condition		과하면 gwahamyeon	과해야, 과하여야 gwahaeya, gwahayeoya
Motive		과하려고 gwaharyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		과함 gwaham	과하기 gwahagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		과했음, 과하였음 gwahaesseum, gwahayeosseum	과했기, 과하였기 gwahaetgi, gwahayeotgi
Determiners	Past	과한 gwahan
	Present	과하는 gwahaneun
	Future	과할 gwahal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	과하신다 gwahasinda	과하셔 gwahasyeo	과하세요, 과하셔요 gwahaseyo, gwahasyeoyo	과하십니다 gwahasimnida
	Past	과하셨다 gwahasyeotda	과하셨어 gwahasyeosseo	과하셨어요 gwahasyeosseoyo	과하셨습니다 gwahasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	과하시느냐 gwahasineunya	과하셔 gwahasyeo	과하세요, 과하셔요 gwahaseyo, gwahasyeoyo	과하십니까 gwahasimnikka
	Past	과하셨느냐 gwahasyeonneunya	과하셨어 gwahasyeosseo	과하셨어요 gwahasyeosseoyo	과하셨습니까 gwahasyeotseumnikka
Imperative		과하시라 gwahasira	과하셔 gwahasyeo	과하세요 gwahaseyo	과하십시오 gwahasipsio
Assertive		과하시겠다 gwahasigetda	과하시겠어 gwahasigesseo	과하시겠어요 gwahasigesseoyo	과하시겠습니다 gwahasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		과하셔 gwahasyeo	과하셔서 gwahasyeoseo	과하시니 gwahasini	과하시니까 gwahasinikka
Contrast		과하시지만 gwahasijiman	과하시는데 gwahasineunde	과하시더니 gwahasideoni
Conjunction		과하시고 gwahasigo
Condition		과하시면 gwahasimyeon	과하셔야 gwahasyeoya
Motive		과하시려고 gwahasiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		과하심 gwahasim	과하시기 gwahasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		과하셨음 gwahasyeosseum	과하셨기 gwahasyeotgi
Determiners	Past	과하신 gwahasin
	Present	과하시는 gwahasineun
	Future	과하실 gwahasil