낳다

Korean edit

Etymology edit

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 나타〮 (Yale: nàthá).

Originally probably a contraction of Middle Korean 나〮 (Yale: ná-, “to be born, to come out”) + ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: hòtá, “to do”), but never today perceived as such, even though both components still exist in Korean.^[1]

Pronunciation edit

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [na̠tʰa̠]
Phonetic hangul: [나타]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	nata
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	nahda
McCune–Reischauer^?	nat'a
Yale Romanization^?	nahta

Verb edit

낳다 • (nata) (infinitive 낳아, sequential 낳으니) (transitive)

(of a female) to lay, to give birth to; (of a male) to sire
아기 를 낳다 ― agi-reul nata ― to give birth to a baby

연어 는 알 을 낳기 위해 강 을 거슬러 올라간다.
Yeoneo-neun ar-eul naki wihae gang-eul geoseulleo olla-ganda.
The salmon swims upstream to lay eggs.
(figurative) to engender, to bring about, to spawn
헌신 과 노력 이 낳은 결과
heonsin-gwa noryeog-i na'eun gyeolgwa
the result brought about by dedication and effort

Conjugation edit

Selected forms of the verb 낳다 (nata): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	낳는다 nanneunda	낳아 naa	낳아요 naayo	낳습니다 naseumnida
Indicative	Past	낳았다 naatda	낳았어 naasseo	낳았어요 naasseoyo	낳았습니다 naatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	낳느냐 nanneunya	낳아 naa	낳아요 naayo	낳습니까 naseumnikka
Interrogative	Past	낳았느냐 naanneunya	낳았어 naasseo	낳았어요 naasseoyo	낳았습니까 naatseumnikka
Hortative		낳자 nacha	낳아 naa	낳아요 naayo	낳으십시다 na'eusipsida
Imperative		낳아라 naara	낳아 naa	낳아요 naayo	낳읍시오 na'eupsio
Assertive		낳겠다 naketda	낳겠어 nakesseo	낳겠어요 nakesseoyo	낳겠습니다 naketseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		낳아 naa	낳아서 naaseo	낳으니 na'euni	낳으니까 na'eunikka
Contrast		낳지만 nachiman	낳는데 nanneunde	낳더니 nateoni
Conjunction		낳고 nako
Condition		낳으면 na'eumyeon	낳아야 naaya
Motive		낳으려고 na'euryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		낳음 na'eum	낳기 naki
Past-tense verbal nouns		낳았음 naasseum	낳았기 naatgi
Determiners	Past	낳은 na'eun
	Present	낳는 nanneun
	Future	낳을 na'eul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	낳으신다 na'eusinda	낳으셔 na'eusyeo	낳으세요, 낳으셔요 na'euseyo, na'eusyeoyo	낳으십니다 na'eusimnida
Indicative	Past	낳으셨다 na'eusyeotda	낳으셨어 na'eusyeosseo	낳으셨어요 na'eusyeosseoyo	낳으셨습니다 na'eusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	낳으시느냐 na'eusineunya	낳으셔 na'eusyeo	낳으세요, 낳으셔요 na'euseyo, na'eusyeoyo	낳으십니까 na'eusimnikka
Interrogative	Past	낳으셨느냐 na'eusyeonneunya	낳으셨어 na'eusyeosseo	낳으셨어요 na'eusyeosseoyo	낳으셨습니까 na'eusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		낳으시라 na'eusira	낳으셔 na'eusyeo	낳으세요 na'euseyo	낳으십시오 na'eusipsio
Assertive		낳으시겠다 na'eusigetda	낳으시겠어 na'eusigesseo	낳으시겠어요 na'eusigesseoyo	낳으시겠습니다 na'eusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		낳으셔 na'eusyeo	낳으셔서 na'eusyeoseo	낳으시니 na'eusini	낳으시니까 na'eusinikka
Contrast		낳으시지만 na'eusijiman	낳으시는데 na'eusineunde	낳으시더니 na'eusideoni
Conjunction		낳으시고 na'eusigo
Condition		낳으시면 na'eusimyeon	낳으셔야 na'eusyeoya
Motive		낳으시려고 na'eusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		낳으심 na'eusim	낳으시기 na'eusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		낳으셨음 na'eusyeosseum	낳으셨기 na'eusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	낳으신 na'eusin
	Present	낳으시는 na'eusineun
	Future	낳으실 na'eusil

Related terms edit

나다 (nada, “to be born”)
놓다 (nota, “to lay, put, let go”)

References edit

^ Lee, Ki-Moon, Ramsey, S. Robert (2011) A History of the Korean Language, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 202

Middle Korean edit

Verb edit

낳다 (nahta)

Phonemically faithful spelling of 나타 (natha, “to give birth to”) (rarely or never used in actual Middle Korean)

[1] Lee, Ki-Moon, Ramsey, S. Robert (2011) A History of the Korean Language, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 202

[1]