𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌿𐍃

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *teguz. Cognate with Old Norse tigr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈti.ɡus/, [ˈti.ɣus]

Noun

𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌿𐍃 • (tigus) m

2. decade (series of ten things)
   • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of John (Codex Argenteus) 8.57:

     𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌿𐌷 𐌵𐌴𐌸𐌿𐌽 𐌸𐌰𐌹 𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌳𐌿 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰: 𐍆𐌹𐌼𐍆 𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌿𐌽𐍃 𐌾𐌴𐍂𐌴 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌷 𐌽𐌹 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌼 𐍃𐌰𐍈𐍄?

     þanuh qēþun þai iudaieis du imma: fimf tiguns jērē nauh ni habais jah abraham saƕt?

     Then said the Jews unto him, Thou art not yet fifty years old, and hast thou seen Abraham? (KJV)

   • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Second Epistle to the Corinthians (Codex Ambrosianus B) 11.24:

     𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌿𐌼 𐍆𐌹𐌼𐍆 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌼 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂 𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌿𐌽𐍃 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌽𐌰𐌼;

     fram iudaium fimf sinþam fidwōr tiguns ainamma wanans nam;

     Of the Jews five times received I forty stripes save one. (KJV)

   • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: First Epistle to Timothy (Codex Ambrosianus A) 5.9:

     𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 𐌽𐌹 𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍃 𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌿𐌼 𐌾𐌴𐍂𐌴, 𐍃𐌴𐌹 𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌹 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌹𐍃 𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃,

     widuwō gawaljaidau ni mins saihs tigum jērē, sei wēsi ainis abins qēns,

     A widow—do not let her be enrolled under sixty years of age, having been a wife of one husband, (LSV)

Usage notes

Like 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳 (hund), this word only occurs in the plural and only when qualified with a numeral; it fulfills much the same function as the nonproductive and cognate English suffix -ty, as in forty.

Declension

Masculine/feminine u-stem
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌿𐍃 tigus	𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌾𐌿𐍃 tigjus
Vocative	𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌿 tigau	𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌾𐌿𐍃 tigjus
Accusative	𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌿 tigu	𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌿𐌽𐍃 tiguns
Genitive	𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌿𐍃 tigaus	𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍅𐌴 tigiwē
Dative	𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌿 tigau	𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌿𐌼 tigum

Derived terms

• 𐌸𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌾𐌿𐍃 (þreis tigjus, “thirty”)
• 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍃 𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌾𐌿𐍃 (saihs tigjus, “sixty”)
• 𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌹 𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌾𐌿𐍃 (twai tigjus, “twenty”)
• 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂 𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌾𐌿𐍃 (fidwōr tigjus, “forty”)
• 𐍆𐌹𐌼𐍆 𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌾𐌿𐍃 (fimf tigjus, “fifty”)

Related terms

• 𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌴𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳 (ahtautēhund)
• 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳 (hund)
• 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳 (niuntēhund)
• 𐍃𐌹𐌱𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳 (sibuntēhund)
• 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽 (taihun)
• 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 (taihunda)
• 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳 (taihuntēhund)
• 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽 (fidwōrtaihun)
• 𐍆𐌹𐌼𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽 (fimftaihun)

 

Further reading

• Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986) “T26. *tigu-”, in A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feist’s dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 344
• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 139