-τικός
Ancient Greek edit
Etymology edit
From -σις (-sis, verbal noun suffix) or -τος (-tos, verbal adjective suffix) + -κός (-kós, adjective suffix), occurring in some original cases and later used freely by metanalysis.
Pronunciation edit
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ti.kós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /tiˈkos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /tiˈkos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /tiˈkos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /tiˈkos/
Suffix edit
-τῐκός • (-tikós) m (feminine -τῐκή, neuter -τῐκόν); first/second declension
- Added to verbal stems to form adjectives: relating to, suited to, skilled in, able to, -ive
- Added to other stems to form adjectives, particularly those ending in vowels
Usage notes edit
Certain sound changes happen before the suffix, as before other derivational or inflectional suffixes beginning in τ (t). Labial stops β, π, φ (b, p, ph) become π (p), dental stops δ, θ, τ (d, th, t) become σ (s), velar stops γ, κ, χ (g, k, kh) become κ (k).
- βλαβ- (blab-, “harm”) + -τικός (-tikós) → βλαβ-τικός → βλαπτικός (blab-tikós → blaptikós, “harmful”)
- πείθω (peíthō, “persuade”) + -τικός (-tikós) → πειθ-τικός → πειστικός (peith-tikós → peistikós, “persuasive”)
- πρᾱγ- (prāg-, “do”) + -τικός (-tikós) → πρᾱγ-τικός → πρᾱκτικός (prāg-tikós → prāktikós, “pertaining to action”)
Contracted verbs, which have stems ending in a vowel, use the long form of the vowel – this happens, for instance, in the example above: ποιέ-ω (poié-ō) → ποιη-τικός (poiē-tikós).
Declension edit
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | -τῐκός -tikós |
-τῐκή -tikḗ |
-τῐκόν -tikón |
-τῐκώ -tikṓ |
-τῐκᾱ́ -tikā́ |
-τῐκώ -tikṓ |
-τῐκοί -tikoí |
-τῐκαί -tikaí |
-τῐκᾰ́ -tiká | |||||
Genitive | -τῐκοῦ -tikoû |
-τῐκῆς -tikês |
-τῐκοῦ -tikoû |
-τῐκοῖν -tikoîn |
-τῐκαῖν -tikaîn |
-τῐκοῖν -tikoîn |
-τῐκῶν -tikôn |
-τῐκῶν -tikôn |
-τῐκῶν -tikôn | |||||
Dative | -τῐκῷ -tikôi |
-τῐκῇ -tikêi |
-τῐκῷ -tikôi |
-τῐκοῖν -tikoîn |
-τῐκαῖν -tikaîn |
-τῐκοῖν -tikoîn |
-τῐκοῖς -tikoîs |
-τῐκαῖς -tikaîs |
-τῐκοῖς -tikoîs | |||||
Accusative | -τῐκόν -tikón |
-τῐκήν -tikḗn |
-τῐκόν -tikón |
-τῐκώ -tikṓ |
-τῐκᾱ́ -tikā́ |
-τῐκώ -tikṓ |
-τῐκούς -tikoús |
-τῐκᾱ́ς -tikā́s |
-τῐκᾰ́ -tiká | |||||
Vocative | -τῐκέ -tiké |
-τῐκή -tikḗ |
-τῐκόν -tikón |
-τῐκώ -tikṓ |
-τῐκᾱ́ -tikā́ |
-τῐκώ -tikṓ |
-τῐκοί -tikoí |
-τῐκαί -tikaí |
-τῐκᾰ́ -tiká | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
-τῐκῶς -tikôs |
-τῐκώτερος -tikṓteros |
-τῐκώτᾰτος -tikṓtatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms edit
References edit
- Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920) “Part III: Formation of Words”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 858