Kotus type 57 (saartaa) | NSK type 12 (saartaa) | Common type I |
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A small number of verbs ending with ⟨-taa⟩ (not ⟨-tää⟩); qualitative consonant gradation.
This is a pseudo-type for verbs that can be conjugated either as type 54 (huutaa) or type 56 (kaivaa). This means that they have two possible forms for the personal past tense.
Conjugation
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Consonant gradation detail
editGradation | Kotus | *F | *J | *K |
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grade | t → d | nt → nn | rt → rr | |
infinitive I | strong | kaataa | maantaa | saartaa |
1.sg present | weak | kaadan | maannan | saarran |
3.sg past (a) | mutated | kaasi | maansi | saarsi |
3.sg past (b) | strong | kaatoi | maantoi | saartoi |
3.sg conditional | strong | kaataisin | maantaisin | saartaisin |
3.sg potential | strong | kaatanee | maantanee | saartanee |
3.sg imperative | strong | kaatakoon | maantakoon | saartakoon |
past participle | strong | kaatanut | maantanut | saartanut |
passive past | weak | kaadettiin | maannettiin | saarrettiin |
Complete conjugation example highlighting consonant gradation (t → d)
editInflection of kaataa (Kotus type 57*F/saartaa, t-d gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kaadan | en kaada | 1st sing. | olen kaatanut | en ole kaatanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kaadat | et kaada | 2nd sing. | olet kaatanut | et ole kaatanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kaataa | ei kaada | 3rd sing. | on kaatanut | ei ole kaatanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kaadamme | emme kaada | 1st plur. | olemme kaataneet | emme ole kaataneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kaadatte | ette kaada | 2nd plur. | olette kaataneet | ette ole kaataneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kaatavat | eivät kaada | 3rd plur. | ovat kaataneet | eivät ole kaataneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kaadetaan | ei kaadeta | passive | on kaadettu | ei ole kaadettu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kaasin kaadoin |
en kaatanut | 1st sing. | olin kaatanut | en ollut kaatanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kaasit kaadoit |
et kaatanut | 2nd sing. | olit kaatanut | et ollut kaatanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kaasi kaatoi |
ei kaatanut | 3rd sing. | oli kaatanut | ei ollut kaatanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kaasimme kaadoimme |
emme kaataneet | 1st plur. | olimme kaataneet | emme olleet kaataneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kaasitte kaadoitte |
ette kaataneet | 2nd plur. | olitte kaataneet | ette olleet kaataneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kaasivat kaatoivat |
eivät kaataneet | 3rd plur. | olivat kaataneet | eivät olleet kaataneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kaadettiin | ei kaadettu | passive | oli kaadettu | ei ollut kaadettu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kaataisin | en kaataisi | 1st sing. | olisin kaatanut | en olisi kaatanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kaataisit | et kaataisi | 2nd sing. | olisit kaatanut | et olisi kaatanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kaataisi | ei kaataisi | 3rd sing. | olisi kaatanut | ei olisi kaatanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kaataisimme | emme kaataisi | 1st plur. | olisimme kaataneet | emme olisi kaataneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kaataisitte | ette kaataisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte kaataneet | ette olisi kaataneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kaataisivat | eivät kaataisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat kaataneet | eivät olisi kaataneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kaadettaisiin | ei kaadettaisi | passive | olisi kaadettu | ei olisi kaadettu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kaada | älä kaada | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kaatakoon | älköön kaatako | 3rd sing. | olkoon kaatanut | älköön olko kaatanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kaatakaamme | älkäämme kaatako | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kaatakaa | älkää kaatako | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kaatakoot | älkööt kaatako | 3rd plur. | olkoot kaataneet | älkööt olko kaataneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kaadettakoon | älköön kaadettako | passive | olkoon kaadettu | älköön olko kaadettu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kaatanen | en kaatane | 1st sing. | lienen kaatanut | en liene kaatanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kaatanet | et kaatane | 2nd sing. | lienet kaatanut | et liene kaatanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kaatanee | ei kaatane | 3rd sing. | lienee kaatanut | ei liene kaatanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kaatanemme | emme kaatane | 1st plur. | lienemme kaataneet | emme liene kaataneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kaatanette | ette kaatane | 2nd plur. | lienette kaataneet | ette liene kaataneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kaatanevat | eivät kaatane | 3rd plur. | lienevät kaataneet | eivät liene kaataneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kaadettaneen | ei kaadettane | passive | lienee kaadettu | ei liene kaadettu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | kaataa | present | kaatava | kaadettava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
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past | kaatanut | kaadettu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | kaataessa | kaadettaessa | agent4 | kaatama | ||||||||||||||||
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negative | kaatamaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | kaataen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). unlike the first infinitive (the lemma form), even though they are spelled identically. | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | kaatamassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | kaatamasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | kaatamaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | kaatamalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | kaatamatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | kaataman | kaadettaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | kaataminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
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