Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/walhaz
(Redirected from Appendix:Proto-Germanic/walhaz)
Proto-Germanic
editEtymology
editFrom the name of a Celtic tribe, the Volcae. Historically the tribe's name has been linked to an animal, possibly Proto-Celtic *wolkos (“hawk”), or alternatively (but less likely[1]) Proto-Celtic *ulkʷos (“wolf”), in turn from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos, as Caesar described the Celts having fought with huge dogs.[2]
For the first possibility, cf. the personal name Gaulish Catuvolcus and Welsh cadwalch (“hero, champion, warrior”, literally “battle-hawk”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit*walhaz m
Inflection
editmasculine a-stemDeclension of *walhaz (masculine a-stem) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | *walhaz | *walhōz, *walhōs | |
vocative | *walh | *walhōz, *walhōs | |
accusative | *walhą | *walhanz | |
genitive | *walhas, *walhis | *walhǫ̂ | |
dative | *walhai | *walhamaz | |
instrumental | *walhō | *walhamiz |
Usage notes
edit- While the etymology suggests that this word originally referred to Celts, in the oldest daughter languages and in the Slavic loanword *volxъ, its sense is consistently "Roman, Latin or Romance language speaker". This semantic shift probably came about due to linguistic and cultural assimilation of continental Celts into the Roman Empire. After the Anglo-Saxon invasion, it was applied in England to the Romano-Britons and later to the Welsh.
Derived terms
editDescendants
edit- Proto-West Germanic: *walh
- Proto-Norse: *ᚹᚨᛚᚺᚨᛉ (*walhaʀ)
- Gothic: *𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌷𐍃 (*walhs)
References
edit- ^ Patrizia de Bernardo (2008), "Linguistically Celtic Ethnonyms: towards a classification", in: Juan Luís García Alonso (ed.), Celtic and Other Languages in Ancient Europe, Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, p. 103
- ^ Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico.
Categories:
- Proto-Germanic terms derived from Celtic languages
- Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Proto-Germanic lemmas
- Proto-Germanic nouns
- Proto-Germanic masculine nouns
- gem-pro:People
- Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns