Appendix:Proto-Northern Adelbert reconstructions
Proto-Northern Adelbert reconstructions:
Pick (2020)
editPick (2020: 227-302) reconstructs the following Proto-Northern Adelbert forms.[1]
Proto-Northern Adelbert | Gloss |
---|---|
*ad- | go |
*-at | (adjective-forming suffix) |
*-aw | (NMLZ) |
*ag- | to see |
*am-, *amum- | cry |
*an- | to eat |
*ar- | become |
*arakai | road |
*arek | trunk, piece |
*areker | crayfish |
*ari | later, after |
*ariman | public, openly |
*auw- | to burn, cook |
*aw- | to do, get, take |
*bab | older brother |
*babad- | break, cut |
*baner | signal drum, ironwood tree |
*badim | platform, bed |
*bak- | carve, sharpen |
*barat, *babarat | year |
*baram | hornbill |
*-be, *-eb | SS |
*begen | light |
*ben | adze/axe |
*beren | road |
*bik | bamboo |
*bin, *bin-at | heavy, weight |
*bug-, *bugum- | to sit |
*bugaŋ | house post |
*buruk | pig |
*debik | dirty |
*degen | straight |
*darem- | to stand |
*demin | how many |
*didum | bottom |
*diruw | buttress roots, roots above ground |
*duag | snake |
*dur | tail |
*durun | root |
*eba | net bag |
*ew- | say |
*gabe(k) | rib |
*gar | platform |
*garem | bone |
*gedaw | strong |
*gemaŋ | liver |
*girik- | turn |
*guaŋ | skin |
*gun | louse |
*gurum | thick |
*ib | feces |
*iben | vagina |
*id- | give to PL |
*id- | roast |
*idik | frog |
*idin | smell |
*iduw- | to go |
*ig-, *igVd-, *igam- | to be |
*igar- | hit PL |
*iguar | penis |
*igum-, *igumet- | burn |
*ikaw | smoke |
*im | hair |
*im- | boil, cook in pot |
*in- | to sleep |
*inigirik- | to turn in one's sleep |
*ip | hair, leaf |
*iper | salt, ocean |
*ir-, *iru- | go up |
*irin | all |
*iruar | aibika greens |
*irub- | come up |
*irub- | fill |
*isiw- | leave behind |
*it-, *yag *it- | bathe |
*ituw- | take out |
*iw- | put |
*kai | sugarcane |
*kam | day, sun |
*kamar | sago |
*kamun | pan |
*kanam | later |
*kapil | grease, fat |
*kapur | lime |
*kar | skin |
*karim- | swell |
*kasik | wild |
*kasin | mosquito |
*keb | speech |
*kebuar | mouth |
*kew- | say |
*ked | blood |
*ked-at | red |
*k(a/e)kawin | palm cockatoo |
*kemi | bow |
*kenam | base |
*kepak | flying fox |
*keta | coconut |
*ki | Question particle |
*kibem | kundu drum |
*kidar | breadfruit |
*kilal | night bird of prey |
*kima- | tell |
*kit | meat |
*kuaken | old |
*kuar, *kakuar | hot |
*kuari | tulip tree |
*k(u/a)bum | stinging nettle (Tok Pisin salat) |
*kudi | banana |
*kuduruk | fly (insect) |
*(k/g)ugu(t/d) | shadow |
*kukum | dumb |
*kum | brain |
*kumaŋ | nape |
*kupi | betelpepper vine |
*kurun | black |
*kurun | black (see also PN *umaw) |
*kurum | valley |
*kumag, *kamug | testicles |
*kuaw | village |
*ma, *mia | what |
*ma- | talk, say |
*madeŋ | man |
*mak | behind, back |
*maiŋ | weak, soft |
*maiw | aibika greens |
*mam | taro |
*malabuŋ | flying fox |
*mar | wing |
*maur | Victoria crowned pigeon |
*me | NEG |
*megam, *magaw | star, year |
*magam | firefly |
*meger- | look for |
*mekiw | land, ground |
*men | breast |
*merir- | vomit |
*melik | eel |
*mid-, *midet- | pierce, shoot |
*mud | fire, firewood |
*mudag, *mag | eye |
*mudir | ant |
*muduru | type of greens |
*muga(n/ŋ) | bird |
*mugurun | shouting, laughter |
*mum | night bird |
*munag | egg |
*muŋ | husband, man |
*mutar | mushroom |
*mup- | pull |
*nasin | spirit |
*nat- | give to 2SG |
*nebek | bird |
*nem | with |
*nag, *nenag | tooth, sharp edge |
*nenar- | hit 2SG |
*ŋam | tree |
*pai | mango |
*par- | call |
*perem | floor, platform |
*pi | bad |
*pia | pitpit |
*piduw | bundle |
*piluw | hole |
*pi(t)- | blow |
*puk | skin, body |
*puruk | smell, hear, perceieve |
*selew | sand, beach |
*sewaw | sand, beach |
*siruw | loincloth |
*sisimur | sunfly |
*susur | ant sp. |
*suw- | push |
*taban | mountain |
*tabir | plate |
*tak | leaf |
*takaw | grasshopper |
*taw | piece of wood |
*te | LOC |
*teber | tree sp. (Tok Pisin: mangas) |
*temen | now |
*teteri | chicken |
*t(e/i)bik | rain |
*teŋ | branch |
*tuar | crocodile |
*tukum | stick |
*ub- | to plant |
*ub- | boil |
*ubar | branch |
*udir(a/e)m | leech |
*um- | to die |
*un- | to draw water |
*un-at | female |
*unim | name |
*unin | bee |
*up- | dance |
*uram | belly |
*usa | grasshopper |
*ut- | give to 3SG |
*uyaw | spear |
*wa | pig, marsupial game animal |
*waben | arm, hand |
*waben kenam | shoulder, tricep, deltoid |
*waben kumaŋ | wrist, shoulder |
*wak- | break |
*wag | hand drum |
*wag | canoe |
*war-, *wa- | hit, fight |
*wawik | flood, flood water |
*wayaŋ | white |
*wediem | sun |
*wayek | NEG |
*wisir | centipede |
*wud | song |
*wud, *war- | to sing and dance |
*yag | water |
*yap | footprint |
*yau | who |
*yenar- | hit 1SG |
*yis- | give to 1SG |
References
edit- ^ Pick, Andrew. 2020. A Reconstruction of Proto-Northern Adelbert Phonology and Lexicon. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.
Vocabulary lists of Indo-Pacific languages |
---|
Papuan |
p-Trans-New Guinea • p-Northern Adelbert • p-Sogeram • Bayono-Awbono • Paniai Lakes • Kolopom • Bulaka River • Pauwasi • p-South Bougainville • p-Lower Sepik • p-Watam-Awar-Gamay • p-Lakes Plain • p-North Halmahera • p-Timor-Alor-Pantar • p-Alor-Pantar • Tayap • Massep |
Australian |
North Australian (basic) • p-Nyulnyulan • p-Mirndi • p-Gunwinyguan • Limilngan • Umbugarla • Minkin • Tiwi • Malak-Malak • Pama-Nyungan • p-Pama-Nyungan • p-Arandic • p-Thura-Yura • p-Ngayarda |
Others |
p-Dravidian • Dravidian • Kusunda • Nihali • Kenaboi • p-Ongan |